6061铝合金预强化高性能冲压成形工艺  

High-performance stamping forming process of 6061 aluminum alloy with pre-hardening

作　　者：董明杨 胡志力[1] 刘鹏 DONG Mingyang;HU Zhili;LIU Peng(Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Dongshi(Wuhan)Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430040,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]东实(武汉)实业有限公司,武汉430040

出　　处：《材料工程》2025年第4期15-22,共8页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划(2021baa200,2022aaa001);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2023AFA069);湖北省隆中实验室自主创新项目(2022ZZ-04)。

摘　　要：对6061铝合金坯料进行固溶淬火处理,固溶热处理制度为550℃/30 min,将淬火后合金在140℃下人工时效6~18 h,得到预强化(pre-hardening,PH)坯料。通过室温杯突实验与室温单轴拉伸实验评估6061铝合金预强化坯料的成形性能与力学性能,并进行帽形梁零件冲压试制实验,以验证该技术在工程应用中的可行性。结果表明:PH-12 h预强化铝合金坯料的屈服强度比O态铝合金坯料高186 MPa,抗拉强度比O态高215 MPa,而伸长率和杯突值与O态相近。PH-18 h预强化铝合金经10%变形后最高抗拉强度可达391 MPa,远高于T6态铝合金,说明预强化铝合金坯料兼具良好的强塑性。此外,使用预强化坯料成形的帽形梁零件的抗拉强度和屈服强度均高于T6态铝合金。The 6061 aluminum alloy billets are subjected to solution quenching treatment under a solution heat treatment condition of 550℃for 30 min.After quenching,the billets are artificially aged at 140℃for 6 h to 18 h to obtain pre-hardening(PH)billets.The formability and mechanical properties of the prehardening 6061 aluminum alloy billets are evaluated using room-temperature Erichsen cupping tests and uniaxial tensile tests.Additionally,the stamping trials for hat-shaped beam components are conducted to verify the feasibility of this technique for engineering applications.The results show that the yield strength(YS)of the PH-12 h pre-hardening billets is 186 MPa higher than that of the O-temper billets,and the tensile strength(TS)is 215 MPa higher than that of the O-temper billets,while the elongation(EL)and cupping values are comparable to those of the O-temper billets.The PH-18 h pre-hardening billets exhibit a maximum tensile strength of 391 MPa after 10%deformation,significantly exceeding that of the T6-temper aluminum alloy,demonstrating that the pre-hardening billets possess excellent strength-ductility balance.Furthermore,the hat-shaped beam components formed from pre-hardening billets exhibit tensile and yield strengths superior to those of the T6-temper aluminum alloy.

关 键 词：6061铝合金 冷冲压 预强化 力学性能 成形性能 

分 类 号：TG386.1[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工] TB31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]