SiC_(f)/SiC陶瓷基复合材料制备技术研究进展  

Research progress in preparation technology of SiC_(f)/SiC ceramic matrix composites

作　　者：王衍飞[1] 刘荣军[1] 张金 杜金平 李端 WANG Yanfei;LIU Rongjun;ZHANG Jin;DU Jinping;LI Duan(Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory,College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学空天科学学院新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙410073

出　　处：《材料工程》2025年第4期52-74,共23页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3707701);国家自然科学基金项目(U2241239)。

摘　　要：连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅(SiC_(f)/SiC)陶瓷基复合材料具有轻质、高强韧、耐高温、抗氧化等优异的综合性能,是在航空涡轮发动机热端部件和新型空天飞行器防热结构等领域具有广泛应用前景的先进材料。本文从SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料的四大组成单元出发,综述了SiC纤维、界面相、SiC基体和环境障涂层(EBC)制备技术研究进展,并提出了SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料未来发展需要突破的瓶颈问题。目前第三代SiC纤维具有近化学计量的C/Si比,并且具有优异的高温力学性能和耐温性能。界面相的结构和抗氧化性能对SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料在高温有氧环境下的力学性能起着决定性作用,探索与SiC相匹配且具有优异抗氧化性能的新型界面相,并且实现连续均匀制备,是界面相发展的研究重点。SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料常用的制备方法主要有PIP法、CVI法和RMI法,但是单一方法已经无法满足复合材料的性能需求,由此研究者主要开展了CVI-PIP联用工艺制备SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料的工艺参数、微观结构和力学性能等研究。环境障涂层作为防止SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料受到外界环境侵蚀的屏障,在第三代Si/Yb2Si2O7环境障涂层体系基础上,通过补充Si源、自愈合等策略可制备得到高可靠、长寿命的环境障涂层,从而提高SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料构件的服役寿命。为了实现SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料的广泛应用,未来还需要在复合材料结构设计、低成本制造、新型抗氧化界面相开发、抗开裂、抗剥落的新型环境障涂层研制、失效分析与寿命预测等方面开展进一步的研究工作。Continuous silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide(SiC_(f)/SiC)ceramic matrix composites are considered as the most promising advanced materials in the fields of hot end components of aviation turbine engines and thermal protection structures of novel aerospace aircraft due to their excellent comprehensive properties,such as light weight,high strength and toughness,high temperature resistance,and oxidation resistance.In this paper,the preparation technology of the four elementary components of SiC_(f)/SiC composites,such as SiC fiber,interphase,SiC matrix,and environmental barrier coating(EBC),has been systematically reviewed,and the bottleneck problems of SiC_(f)/SiC composites in the future development have been proposed.The current third-generation SiC fibers possess a near stoichiometric C/Si ratio and have excellent high temperature stability and mechanical properties.The structure and oxidation resistance of interphase plays a decisive role in the mechanical properties of SiC_(f)/SiC composites in harsh service environments.The research frontiers are to develop novel interphases that matches SiC fiber and has excellent oxidation resistance,achieving continuous and uniform preparations of such interphases.PIP,CVI and RMI techniques are commonly employed to prepare SiC_(f)/SiC composites,but a single technique no longer meets the performance requirements of the composite.Hence,a hybrid technique such as the hybrid CVI-PIP technique has been employed to manufacture SiC_(f)/SiC composites,through which processing parameters,microstructures,and mechanical properties have been widely investigated.Environmental barrier coatings are used as a barrier to prevent SiC_(f)/SiC composites from corrosion and degradation by external corrosive environments.Based on the third generation Si/Yb2Si2O7 EBC system,highly reliable and long life-span environmental barrier coatings can be prepared by supplementing Si sources and self-healing cracks,thereby greatly improving the service life of SiC_(f)/SiC composites compon

关 键 词：SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料 SIC纤维 界面相 EBC涂层 制备工艺 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]