马尔康地震公路边坡病害机制与震后次生灾害效应  

Mechanisms of highway slope failures induced by the Maerkang M_(S)6.0 earthquake and post-earthquake secondary disaster effects

作　　者：白慧林 蒋国为 刘峰辉 孙徐 詹同安 BAI Huilin;JIANG Guowei;LIU Fenghui;SUN Xu;ZHAN Tongan(Sichuan Highway Engineering Consult Supervision Company Ltd.,Chengdu 610299,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川公路工程咨询监理有限公司,四川成都610299

出　　处：《地震工程学报》2025年第3期554-565,共12页China Earthquake Engineering Journal

基　　金：四川省科技计划资助(MZGC20240038);四川公路工程咨询监理有限公司科研项目(2023001);国家自然科学基金(41977252)。

摘　　要：2022年6月10日,四川省阿坝州马尔康市草登乡发生6.0级地震,强震作用导致新建省道S220日部至木尔渣桥段(K0+000~K56+059)公路边坡发生大量崩滑灾害。基于震后对工程区公路边坡病害的多次精细化调查资料,对强震诱发的公路边坡病害特征与成灾力学机制展开深度总结,并讨论分析高寒山区气候环境下的次生灾害效应。马尔康地震引发的崩滑灾害主要表现为局部掉块、单体滑坡、单体崩塌以及崩塌带,在高山峡谷地形及其地震波高程放大效应下,以土质滑坡为主的高位灾害现象。震中区公路边坡破坏力学机制模式具有震裂损伤型、顺层滑移-拉裂型、倾倒拉裂-溃散型、高位碎屑流型以及坡面溜坍型等5类。震时,由于地震波对边坡岩土体的拉剪作用,降低了坡体稳定性,陡倾边坡重力势能驱动导致失稳破坏;震后,由于受高寒山区气候环境影响,震裂损伤岩土质边坡,在降雨、冰雪冻融作用下发生次生灾害,震裂损伤程度与地质条件的差异使次生灾害呈现出不同类型。从公路边坡病害影响情况来看,山区公路边坡防护应减少柔性防护措施占比,宜采用刚柔结合支护方案。研究成果主要为对不同边坡破坏力学机制的详细阐述,可为后期公路边坡精细化防护设计提供理论支撑。On June 10,2022,an M_(S)6.0 earthquake occurred in Caodeng Township,Maerkang City,Sichuan Province,triggering widespread slope collapses and landslides along the newly constructed provincial highway S220(Ribu-Muerzha Bridge section,K0+000-K56+059).Based on detailed post-earthquake investigations of slope failures in the engineering area,this study systematically summarizes the characteristics and mechanical mechanisms of earthquake-induced highway slope failures and discusses secondary disaster effects under alpine climate conditions.The slope failures induced by the Maerkang earthquake primarily manifested as localized rockfalls,individual landslide,isolated collapse,collapse zones,and high-altitude disasters(mainly soil landslides)exacerbated by topographic amplification of seismic waves in mountainous valleys.The mechanical mechanisms of highway slope failures in the epicentral area can be divided into five types:seismic cracking-damage type,bedding slip-tensile cracking type,toppling and cracking-collapse type,high-altitude debris flow type,and slope surface washout type.Seismic wave-induced tensile-shear damage to the rock and soil mass reduces slope stability,while gravitational potential energy in steep slopes drives instability and failure.Post-earthquake secondary disasters occurred in seismically damaged slopes under rainfall and freeze-thaw cycles in alpine environments,with disaster types varying according to damage severity and different geological conditions.For highway slope protection,it is recommended to reduce reliance on flexible measures and adopt rigid-flexible combined support systems.The results of this study provides theoretical foundations for refined slope protection design by elucidating distinct failure mechanisms.

关 键 词：马尔康地震 破坏特征 震裂损伤 力学机制 次生灾害效应 

分 类 号：TU411.92[建筑科学—岩土工程]