微生物介导的水体重金属-有机物复合污染修复机制及其应用  

Microbial-mediated remediation mechanism of heavy metal-organic compound combined pollution and its applications

作　　者：徐静怡 傅志宏 易锌琴 雷莉 马燕天[2] 张赫 XU Jingyi;FU Zhihong;YI Xinqin;LEI Li;MA Yantian;ZHANG He(College of Life Sciences,Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University,Nanchang 330013,China;College of Life Science,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]江西科技师范大学生命科学学院,江西南昌330013 [2]南昌大学生命科学学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《南昌大学学报(理科版)》2025年第2期222-232,共11页Journal of Nanchang University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32371628);江西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202411318071,202411318013)。

摘　　要：随着工业化和城市化的快速发展,水体中的重金属和有机污染物含量严重超标,形成了具有联合毒性的复合污染物,对生态系统和人类健康构成了严重威胁。为了给水体重金属-有机复合污染物的微生物修复提供理论依据和技术支持,本研究综述了微生物在水体重金属-有机复合污染物的降解中的作用机制及其应用前景。首先介绍了复合污染物的来源和危害,详细探讨了微生物降解重金属和有机污染物的机制,包括细胞外沉淀、细胞吸附和细胞内解毒等过程;进一步分析了微生物在处理复合污染物时的协同作用,以及影响其效率的关键因素;最后对微生物修复技术在实际水环境治理中的应用进行了展望,并提出了未来研究方向。With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,the levels of heavy metals and organic pollutants in waters have seriously exceeded the standards,forming complex pollutants with combined toxicity,which poses a serious threat to the ecosystem and human health.In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the microbial remediation of heavy metal-organics combined pollutants in waters,this study summarizes the mechanisms of microorganisms in the degradation of heavy metal-organic combined pollutants in water and its application prospects.Firstly,the sources and dangers of combined pollutants were introduced,followed by a detailed discussion on the mechanisms of microbial degradation of heavy metals and organic pollutants,including extracellular precipitation,cellular adsorption,and intracellular detoxification processes;The synergistic effects of microorganisms in treating combined pollutants,and the key factors affecting their efficiency were further analyzed;Finally,the application of microbial remediation technology in practical treatment of water environment was discussed,and the future research direction was proposed.

关 键 词：复合污染 重金属 有机污染物 协同降解 微生物降解 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]