海拉尔盆地泥质三角洲沉积特征和形成机理  

Sedimentary Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Muddy Delta in Hailaer Basin

作　　者：袁红旗[1] 李如月 张亚雄 于英华[1] YUAN HongQi;LI RuYue;ZHANG YaXiong;YU YingHua(College of Earth Science,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;Geophysical Exploration Center,China Earthquake Administration,Zhengzhou 450002,China;SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学地球科学学院,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]中国地震局地球物理勘探中心,郑州450002 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《沉积学报》2025年第2期595-608,共14页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41572126);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2022D013)。

摘　　要：【目的】海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组主要为泥质沉积,且具有经典的吉尔伯特型三角洲三褶结构,但其形成机理尚不清楚,严重阻碍了该地区的油气勘探工作。【方法】基于岩心、露头、测井、录井及地震资料,详细分析了研究区大磨拐河组的岩性、粒度、沉积构造、垂向序列、化石类型、地震反射特征、地层结构及分布规律,明确了沉积特征及形成机理。【结果】海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组发育顶积层、前积层和底积层,前积层地震上可识别出多期“S”型的由凹陷边部向中央进积的朵叶体。但其前积层主要发育粉砂质泥岩、泥岩等细粒沉积,泥地比可达84%。碎屑颗粒主要为悬浮总体,跳跃总体含量较少,悬浮总体和跳跃总体之间存在过渡带,发育流水沉积及波浪改造双重地质作用所形成的层理构造。【结论】以上研究成果确定了海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组为具有吉尔伯特型三角洲三褶结构的泥质三角洲沉积,此泥质三角洲的形成主要受细粒物源和具有弱水动力特点的低能量、高弯曲度曲流河控制,为明确吉尔伯特型泥质三角洲的沉积特征及其形成机理提供了理论依据。[Objective]This study aimed to reveal the sedimentary characteristics and formation mechanism of the argillaceous delta of the Damoguaihe Formation in Hailaer Basin.[Methods]The lithology,grain size,sedimentary structure,vertical sequence,fossil types,seismic reflection characteristics,stratigraphic structure,and distribution law of the Damoguaihe Formation were analyzed in detail by studying core,outcrop,logging,logging,and seismic data.[Results]The results show that the Damoguaihe Formation in Hailaer Basin has the typical three-fold structure of a Gilbert delta.The rock types of the Damoguaihe Formation are mainly mudstone,silty mudstone,argillaceous siltstone,siltstone,and fine sandstone,with a small amount of thin conglomerate.The Second member of the Damoguaihe Formation has thin coal seam deposits,and no chemical rock deposits.The vertical sequence of the single well lithology is composed of composite cycle deposits.The clastic particles are suspended and jumping populations.The suspension population is more than 70%,and the jump population is less than 30%.There is a transitional zone between the suspension and jump populations that reflects the influence of river and wave action.The stratification structures formed by fluvial sedimentation and wave transformation,such as parallel stratified siltstone reacting to fluvial deposition and wave-like stratified siltstone reacting to wave action,and sand-mud interaction sedimentation with lenticular stratification,are well developed.Multi-phase"S"type foredeposits can be identified from the second section of three-dimensinal seismic data.These foredeposits are characterized by good continuity of in-phase axis and distribution of imbricated foredeposits at small angles.The isochronous section tracing of strata indicates that these foredeposits are foliated on the plane and are distributed from the edge of the depression to the center.The distribution of the foredeposits from the Damoguaihe Formation in Hailaer Basin is different from those deposited in the slope

关 键 词：泥质三角洲 前积体 大磨拐河组 海拉尔盆地 

分 类 号：P512.2[天文地球—地质学]