甘肃省典型地区中小学生近视流行病学特征及影响因素分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in typical areas of Gansu Province

作　　者：贺诗淇 李盛 李普[3] 王金玉 HE Shiqi;LI Sheng;LI Pu;WANG Jinyu(School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Lanzhou Second People's Hospital,Lanzhou 730046,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Baiyin Second People's Hospital,Baiyin 730900,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学公共卫生学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州市第二人民医院眼科,甘肃兰州730046 [3]白银市第二人民医院眼科,甘肃白银730900

出　　处：《兰州大学学报(医学版)》2025年第3期74-80,共7页Journal of Lanzhou University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发资助项目(23YFFA0003);兰州市人才创新创业资助项目(2023-RC-30,2021-RC-95)。

摘　　要：目的 分析甘肃省典型地区中小学生近视状况及其影响因素,为制定差异化近视防控策略提供证据支持。方法 采用分层整群抽样法,选择平凉市、甘南藏族自治州(甘南州)、临夏回族自治州(临夏州)为甘肃省典型代表城市,对小学4~6年级、初、高中学生共9 773名进行视力检查和问卷调查。采用卡方(χ~2)检验和多因素Logistic回归分析近视的影响因素。结果 9 773名中小学生总近视率为72.0%,平凉市、甘南州、临夏州三地中小学生的近视率分别为79.7%、67.5%、67.6%;小学生、中学生、普高生、职高生的近视率分别为66.5%、68.9%、83.8%、75.0%;汉族、藏族和回族中小学生近视率分别为72.9%、63.5%、73.8%;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女生、普高生、一周使用数字终端设备时间>1.5 h、眼睛休息时间间隔超过2 h、父亲近视、母亲近视、父母均近视是三地中小学生近视发生的危险因素,OR (95%CI)分别为1.497 [1.364,1.644]、2.556[2.134,3.061]、1.159[1.050,1.279]、1.495 [1.303,1.716]、1.825[1.594,2.152]、2.161 [1.846,2.530]、3.777 [2.968,4.807];读写时眼睛与书本距离>30 cm、每天睡眠时间>7 h是三地中小学生近视发生的保护因素,且甘南州、临夏州中小学生的近视风险更低,OR (95%CI)分别为0.776 [0.695,0.866]、0.708 [0.613,0.818]、0.643[0.563,0.735]、0.506[0.444,0.577](均P<0.05)。结论 甘肃省中小学生近视率较高,近视防控应重点关注女生、高中生和父母近视的学生。Objective To analyze the myopia status of primary and secondary school students in typical areas of Gansu Province and its influencing factors,evidence support for the development of differentiated myopia prevention and control strategies.Methods Use of stratified cluster sampling method,Pingliang City,Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture were selected as typical representative areas from Gansu Province,and a total of 9773 students in grades 4-6 of elementary,junior high and senior high school were subjected to visual acuity examination and questionnaire surveyχ2 test and multifactor Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of myopia.Results The total myopia rate of the 9773 elementary and middle school students was 72.0%,and those of elementary and middle school students in Pingliang,Ganna,and Linxia were 79.7%,67.5%,and 67.6%,respectively.The myopia rates of primary,secondary,general high and vocational high school students were 66.5%,68.9%,83.8%and 75.0%,respectively.In the multi-ethnic analysis,the myopia rates for Han,Tibetans and Hui were 72.9%,63.5%,and 73.8%,respectively.Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that female students,senior high school students,using mobile electronic devices for more than 1.5 h a week,resting the eyes once for more than 2 h,father's myopia,mother's myopia,and both parent's myopia were the significant risk factors for the occurrence of myopia among primary and secondary school students from the three regions,with OR[95%CI]of 1.497[1.364,1.644],2.556[2.134,3.061],1.159[1.050,1.279],1.495[1.303,1.716],1.825[1.594,2.152],2.161[1.846,2.530],and 3.777[2.968,4.807],respectively;always having the eyes more than 30 cm away from the book when reading or writing,and sleeping time>7 h per day were protective factors against the occurrence of myopia among primary and secondary school students from the three regions,and primary and secondary school students of Gannan and Linxia have a lower risk of myopia,with OR[95

关 键 词：近视 中小学生 影响因素 综合防控 屏幕暴露 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]