液体火箭发动机涡轮泵转子瞬态响应特性  

Investigation on the Rotor Transient Response Characteristics of a Liquid Rocket Engine Turbopump

作　　者：杜家磊 李铭 姜绪强[1] 李锦宽 DU Jialei;LI Ming;JIANG Xuqiang;LI Jinkuan(Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute Beijing,100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航天动力研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《振动.测试与诊断》2025年第2期290-295,411,共7页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：航天液体动力全国重点实验室基金资助项目(2024JJ015005)。

摘　　要：针对液体火箭发动机涡轮泵转子动态响应参数难以直接测得的问题,以实际涡轮泵转子为对象,开展转子瞬态响应仿真计算和实测振动数据提取分析。首先,采用有限元方法建立考虑支承结构参与振动的转子动特性计算模型,计算转子的稳态特性;其次,以发动机试车实测的涡轮泵启动升速曲线为基础,计算转子的瞬态响应特性,并与从实测的振动加速度数据中提取的转子动特性进行对比分析。结果表明:转子瞬态响应峰值出现的位置相比稳态响应有一定滞后,启动加速度越大,滞后越明显;从涡轮泵壳体上的振动加速度测点提取的同步响应曲线在转子过临界转速时出现了峰值;仿真计算的瞬态响应峰值与实测的加速度峰值最大差异为6%。This paper concerns the transient response of the rotor of liquid rocket engine turbopumps,which is difficult to be measured directly.To figure out the dynamic characteristics of the turbopump rotor during its startup,the dynamic response of the rotor is calculated and the measured vibration acceleration data is analyzed.The rotor and its supporting structure are modeled with the finite element method.The steady-state characteristics and the transient response are calculated based on the measured rotor speed curve of the turbopump rotor.After that,calculated results are compared with the rotor dynamic parameters obtained from experiments.The results show that the rotor transient response peaks have lags compared with the steady-state response.The startup acceleration is increased with the lag.The vibration peaks indicate rotor passing through critical speeds are found in the synchronous response curve extracted from the vibration acceleration of the turbopump shell.The maximum difference of the critical speeds is 6% between the calculated results and the experimental results,which means the critical speeds of the rotor in the real condition can be reliably inferred from the synchronous response of the vibration acceleration.

关 键 词：涡轮泵 转子动力学 临界转速 启动特性 瞬态响应 

分 类 号：V434.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TH17[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]