高强钢薄板切割变形的机理研究及预控分析  

Mechanism analysis of cutting distortion of thin plate with high tensile strength steel for its prediction and control

作　　者：王江超[1,2] 杜仕忠 陈相飞 牛业兴 杨洋 赵宏权 吴磊 WANG Jiangchao;DU Shizhong;CHEN Xiangfei;NIU Yexing;YANG Yang;ZHAO Hongquan;WU Lei(School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration,Shanghai 200240,China;Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Qidong Ocean Engineering Co.Ltd.,Nantong 226200,China;School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,Jiangsu Maritime Institute,Nanjing 211199,China;School of Mechanical Science&Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]高新船舶与深海开发装备协同创新中心,上海200240 [3]上海振华重工启东海洋工程股份有限公司,江苏南通226200 [4]江苏海事职业技术学院船舶与海洋工程学院,江苏南京211199 [5]华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中国舰船研究》2025年第2期299-307,共9页Chinese Journal of Ship Research

基　　金：工信部高技术船舶资助项目(工信部装函[2019]331号)。

摘　　要：[目的]为有效控制高强钢薄板的火焰切割精度,研究切割面外失稳变形及面内弯曲变形的产生机理,提出动态辅助加热减小火焰切割变形的工艺方法。[方法]以3mm厚的Q550板材为研究对象,通过火焰切割试验和三坐标测量等方法,观测到高强钢薄板切割件的面外失稳变形和面内弯曲变形;应用大变形理论的热-弹-塑性有限元计算,分析高强钢薄板切割的热力学响应,以及辅助加热对高强钢薄板切割变形的影响。[结果]预测的切割变形趋势和数值,都与实际测量结果高度吻合;在远离割缝区域辅助加热,切割面外失稳变形可降低90%,且面内弯曲变形降低40%以上。[结论]基于切割变形产生的力学机理,可采用不同的辅助加热工艺,提高薄板火焰切割的精度;同时,应用高通量的热-弹-塑性有限元计算,可以得到减小火焰切割变形的优化工艺,指导高强钢薄板的高精度建造。[Objective]In order to effectively control flame cutting precision of thin plate with high tensile strength steel,Generation mechanism of out-of-plane buckling distortion and in-plane bending distortion were investigated,and processing with dynamic heating was proposed to reduce flame cutting distortion.[Method]Using Q550 plate with thickness of 3 mm as research object,out-of-plane buckling and in-plane bending distortion of examined cutting specimen were observed by means of flame cutting experiment and 3-dimensional measurement.By thermal elastic plastic FE computation with large deformation,thermomechanical response during flame cutting of Q550 thin plate was examined,and influence of additional heating on flame cutting distortion of thin plate with high tensile strength steel was also considered.[Results]Both distortion tendency and magnitude of predicted results are in excellent agreement with measured data.In addition,heating the region away from flame cutting can reduce buckling distortion about 90%and in-plane bending distortion by 40%.[Conclusions]Based on the generation mechanism of cutting distortion,assisted flame heating with different processing was proposed and applied to improve the cutting accuracy with flame;furthermore,with thermal elastic plastic FE computation,optimal processing to reduce flame cutting distortion was proposed for high-precision fabrication of thin plate with high tensile strength steel.

关 键 词：薄板切割变形 热-弹-塑性有限元计算 辅助加热工艺 反向弯曲力矩 纵向收缩力 有限元法 

分 类 号：U671.2[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程] U661.43[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]