寄生单元加载的高增益可重构对称扇形贴片天线  

High gain reconfigurable symmetrical sector patch antenna loaded with parasitic elements

作　　者：黄元芯 卞立安 李高升 李延秀 陈冉昊 王琰 HUANG Yuanxin;BIAN Li’an;LI Gaosheng;LI Yanxiu;CHEN Ranhao;WANG Yan(School of Physical and Electronic Science,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China;College of Electrical and Information Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学物理与电子科学学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]湖南大学电气与信息工程学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《中国舰船研究》2025年第2期350-356,共7页Chinese Journal of Ship Research

基　　金：装备预先研究领域基金资助项目(61402090118)。

摘　　要：[目的]为满足舰载通信系统对多功能天线的需求,提出一种基于八木天线的新型高增益四波束可重构贴片天线。[方法]主要由4个对称的扇形单元组成,4个PIN二极管分别加载在中心贴片和4个扇形贴片之间,用于控制天线辐射方向图。通过切换PIN二极管的导通/截止状态,控制天线波束辐射方向,以实现4种不同的方向图。通过添加弧形寄生单元作为反射器和引向器,增加天线增益并抑制旁瓣。[结果]实测结果表明,该天线可以在4种模式下分别实现方位角平面45°,135°,225°和315°共4个方向的波束指向。在5.47~6.05GHz,所有模式均可实现7.46dBi的高平均增益。[结论]该天线具有高增益、低剖面、控制简单等优点,可以根据舰船通信需求,动态调整天线的辐射方向,减少信号干扰,提高通信质量。[Objectives]To meet the demand for multifunctional antennas in shipborne communication systems,this paper proposes a novel high gain four-beam reconfigurable patch antenna based on the Yagi antenna.[Methods]The proposed antenna is composed of four symmetrical sector elements,with four PIN diodes loaded between the central patch and the sector components.These PIN diodes are used to control the radiation pattern by switching their on/off states,allowing the antenna to achieve four distinct directional patterns.Additionally,arc-shaped parasitic units are incorporated as reflectors or directors to enhance the antenna's gain and suppress sidelobes.The antenna is fabricated on a single-layer PTFE substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.001,with overall dimensions of 80 mm×80 mm×4 mm.The design process involved optimizing various parameters,such as the radius of the sector patches(R1)and the spacing between the parasitic units and the sector patches(D1),to achieve the desired performance.The antenna's performance was evaluated through both simulation and experimental testing,with detailed analysis of its radiation patterns,gain,and impedance characteristics.[Results]Experimental results demonstrate that the antenna can achieve beam pointing at four specific azimuth angles(45°,135°,225°,and 315°)across four operating modes.Within the frequency range of 5.47 to 6.05 GHz,the antenna exhibits a high average gain of 7.46 dBi,with a measured impedance bandwidth of 10.07%.The measured gain is consistent across all four modes,with a maximum gain of 8.68 dBi observed within the operating band.The introduction of parasitic elements significantly enhances the antenna's directional radiation pattern,reducing sidelobes and improving gain.The optimized antenna demonstrates excellent impedance matching and radiation characteristics,with the measured results closely matching the simulated performance.[Conclusions]The proposed antenna has the advantages of high gain,low profile and simple control.Its r

关 键 词：贴片天线 天线方向图 方向图可重构 高增益 PIN二极管 

分 类 号：U665.2[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]