返乡创业可以缩小城乡收入差距吗——来自国家返乡创业试点县的经验证据  

Can Returning Home for Entrepreneurship Narrow the Urban-rural Income Gap:Empirical Evidence from National Pilot Counties of Returning Home for Entrepreneurship

作　　者：史新杰[1] 崔柳 宋文豪[2] 黄祖辉[3] SHI Xinjie;CUI Liu;SONG Wenhao;HUANG Zuhui

机构地区：[1]浙江大学中国农村发展研究院,杭州3310058 [2]浙江大学共享与发展研究院,杭州3310058 [3]浙江大学中国农村发展研究院,杭州310058

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2025年第4期4-22,共19页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项一般项目“数字变革下农业经济管理学科的研究方法转型”(编号:2024JZDZ065);国家自然科学基金青年项目“农村机会不平等的趋势与影响研究”(编号:72003170);国家社科基金重大项目“面向中国式现代化的城乡融合与区域协调发展研究”(编号:23ZDA035)。

摘　　要：优化城乡之间要素资源配置,对于推进农民农村共同富裕和促进城乡融合发展具有重要作用。本文试图探讨返乡创业对于城乡收入差距的影响,将返乡创业试点政策的实施作为一项准自然实验,基于2005—2021年1225个县的面板数据,运用渐进双重差分模型评估该政策的城乡收入分配效应。研究表明,返乡创业试点政策显著缩小了城乡收入差距,相较于非试点县,该政策的实施使得试点县的城乡收入差距降低8.88%。机制分析表明,返乡创业试点政策主要作用在于促进农村居民收入增加,该政策不仅可以提高县域内农村居民的非农收入,也有利于提高其农业经营收入。本文结论为政府部门进一步优化返乡创业试点政策进而缩小城乡收入差距提供政策启示。Optimizing the allocation of factor resources between urban and rural areas is crucial for advancing shared prosperity for farmers and rural communities,as well as fostering integrated urban-rural development.This paper seeks to investigate the impact of returning home for entrepreneurship on the urban-rural income gap.By examining the implementation of the returning home for entrepreneurship pilot county policy as a quasi-natural experiment,this paper utilizespanel data from 1225 counties spanning 2005 to 2021 and employs a difference-in-differences( DID) model to assess the policy's impact on urban-rural income distribution. The findings revealthat the returning home for entrepreneurship pilot county policy significantly narrowed the urbanrural income gap. Compared to non-pilot counties,this policy leads to an 8. 88% reduction in theurban-rural income gap in pilot counties. Mechanism analysis indicates that the primary effect ofthe returning home for entrepreneurship pilot policy is to boost rural residents' income. Not onlydoes this policy increase their non-agricultural income within the county, but it also enhancestheir agricultural income. The conclusions offer policy insights for government sectors to further refine the returning home for entrepreneurship pilot policies and reduce the urban-rural income gap.

关 键 词：返乡创业 城乡收入差距 非农收入 农业经营收入 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]