草地流转“差序格局”与牧户超载过牧——来自内蒙古牧区的微观证据  

Grassland Transfer“Orderly-diversity Pattern”and Herdsman Overgrazing:Micro Evidence from Pastoral Areas in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：马如意 肖海峰[1] 高博[2] 乔光华[2] MA Ruyi;XIAO Haifeng;GAO Bo;QIAO Guanghua

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]内蒙古农业大学经济管理学院,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2025年第4期71-85,共15页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：农业农村部和财政部“国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系产业经济研究专项资金”项目(编号:CARS-39-22);国家自然科学基金项目“牧区婚俗改革及其福利效应研究:基于代际支持视角”(编号:72363027);国家社会科学基金项目“数字技术赋能草原生态产品价值实现机制研究”(编号:22XGL002);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金;中国农业大学研究生自主创新研究基金项目“我国肉羊养殖户碳减排技术采纳行为及经济、环境效应研究”(编号:202321)。

摘　　要：草地流转是否会导致牧户超载过牧,进而加剧草地退化、阻碍草原生态环境恢复,在学界存在争议。本文通过草地流转“差序格局”概念区分草地交易对象,在理论分析的基础上,利用内蒙古牧区草地转入牧户的调查数据,验证草地流转“差序格局”与牧户超载过牧的关系,并进一步讨论了市场化转型与草地流转“差序格局”撕裂潜在的问题。研究发现:(1)与亲友或者本嘎查牧户等熟人相比,从外嘎查牧户或经济组织等非熟人转入草地更可能增加牧户超载过牧程度;(2)机制检验表明,草地流转“差序格局”显著正向影响草地流转租金,而草地租金的提高会增加转入户超载过牧程度,即草地租金是草地流转“差序格局”作用发挥的重要途径;(3)异质性分析表明,具有不同草地资源的牧户,草地流转“差序格局”对其超载过牧的影响存在异质性,相对于草地经营面积较小的牧户,草地流转“差序格局”对较大规模的牧户超载过牧程度作用效果更大;(4)当前草地流转市场化快速转型,加之业已出现的草地租金趋同,意味着草地流转“差序格局”将逐渐发生撕裂,并可能导致牧户超载过牧,加大草地生态环境压力。考虑到当前草地流转仍然以熟人流转为主,草地流转“差序格局”撕裂及其潜在问题应当引起相关政府部门的关注。Whether grassland transfer will lead to the overgrazing of herdsmen,which will further aggravate grassland degradation and hinder the restoration of grassland ecological environment,is widely debated in the academic circles.This paper uses the concept of“orderlydiversity pattern”of grassland transfer to distinguish grassland-trading entities.Based on theoretical analysis,it uses the microscopic survey data of pastoral households in Inner Mongolia to verify the relationship between the“orderly-diversity pattern”of grassland transfer and over-grazing of herdsmen.The paper further discusses the potential problems of the market-oriented transformation and the“orderly-diversity pattern”of grassland transfer.The results of the study show that:(1)Compared with relatives and friends or acquaintances such as herdsmen in the same Gacha,the transfer of grassland from non-acquaintances such as herdsmen or economic organizations from outside Gacha is more likely to cause the degree of overgrazing by herdsmen.(2)The mechanism test shows that the“orderly-diversity pattern”of grassland transfer significantly positively affects the rent of grassland transfer,and the increase of grassland rent will increase the degree of overgrazing,that is,the grassland rent is the major path for the effect of the“orderly-diversity pattern”of grassland transfer to play.(3)The analysis of heterogeneity shows that for herdsmen with different grassland resources,the influence of“orderly-diversity pattern”of grassland transfer on their overgrazing is heterogeneous.The“orderly-diversity pattern”of grassland transfer has a greater effect on the larger-scale herdsmen's degree of overgrazing.(4)The current market-oriented rapid transformation of grassland transfer,coupled with the convergence of grassland rents that have already occurred,means that the“orderly-diversity pattern”of grassland transfer will gradually tear apart,and may lead to overgrazing of herdsmen,increasing the pressure on the ecological environment of gr

关 键 词：草地流转 超载过牧 “差序格局” 草地租金 市场化 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]