宋代“王霸之辨”及其政治实践——兼论拓边运动的内在动力  

The Debate on“Wang”and“Ba”and Its Political Practices in the Song Dynasty——The Inner Driving Force of the Border Expansion Movement

作　　者：贾连港[1] JIA Lian-gang

机构地区：[1]西北大学宋辽金史研究院/历史学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期27-36,共10页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国古代军队治理实践研究”(24AZD045)。

摘　　要：在宋代,“王霸之辨”下对王道、霸道的阐释与选择是拓边运动断续推进的内在推动力之一。自宋仁宗朝“尊王抑霸”论开始受到质疑,至宋神宗朝直至北宋覆亡,新学体系下以心性解王霸的王霸观在大多数时间处于主流地位。由此,以“复汉唐旧疆”为口号、追求一统的拓边运动就此展开。南宋时期,一度兴起的“恢复”(或曰“北伐”)与“王道霸道一元论”的王霸观不无关系。整体上看,宋代尤其北宋中期打破了此前单一对立的王霸观,为拓边运动提供更灵活、务实的理论和政策依据。然而,在北宋后期以降的官方主流观念中,出现了“王”与“霸”非此即彼的倾向,甚至发展为道德化的抬高或贬抑,为拓边政策的摇摆不定埋下伏笔。In the Song Dynasty,the interpretation of“Wang”and“Ba”was one of the internal driving forces for the border expansion movement.The view of“Wang”and“Ba”,which was interpreted from the perspective of human nature and mind,remained in the mainstream position for most of the time.As a result,the border expansion movement was launched.During the Southern Song Dynasty,the recapture of lost territory was also related to the view of“Wang”and“Ba”.On the whole,in the Song Dynasty,the previously simple view of“Wang”and“Ba”was broken,providing more flexible and practical theoretical and policy bases for the border expansion movement.However,in the official mainstream concept since the late Northern Song Dynasty,there emerged a tendency of an either-or choice between“Wang”and“Ba”,which even developed into a moral elevation or depreciation,laying the groundwork for the vacillation of the border expansion policy.

关 键 词：王霸之辨 拓边运动 王霸观 大一统 对外方略 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]