2025年1月大气环流和天气分析——暖干背景下寒潮、极端雨雪、雾-霾齐现  

Analysis of the January 2025 Atmospheric Circulation and Weather

作　　者：何灵莉 符娇兰 任宏昌 HE Lingli;FU Jiaolan;REN Hongchang(National Meteorological Centre,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2025年第4期508-516,共9页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家气象中心青年基金项目(Q202402)资助。

摘　　要：2025年1月大气环流的主要特征是:北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,东亚大槽偏东,南支槽偏弱。全国平均降水量为9.3 mm,较常年同期(13.3 mm)偏少30.1%,空间分布不均,北偏多南偏少;全国平均气温为-3.3℃,较常年同期(-4.8℃)偏高1.5℃。月内气温起伏大,出现全国范围寒潮过程和大范围持续性雾-霾天气过程各一次。其中,23—27日的寒潮雨雪过程具有降温剧烈、风力大,雨雪范围广、累计降水量大,降雪强、积雪深,多地破极值等特点。The main characteristics of the general atmospheric circulation in January 2025 are as follows.The polar vortex in the Northern Hemisphere exhibited a dipole pattern,the East Asian trough was more eastward,and the southern branch trough was weaker.The monthly average precipitation(9.3 mm)over China was 30.1%less than the average value 13.3 mm in the same period of normal years.Moreover,the spatial distribution of precipitation was uneven,more in the north and less in the south of China.The monthly mean temperature was-3.3℃,which is 1.5℃higher than in the same period of normal years(-4.8℃).Temperatures fluctuated significantly throughout the month,with one nationwide cold wave event and one large-scale persistent fog-haze weather event.The cold wave and snow-rain event from 23 to 27 was characterized by severe temperature drop,strong wind force,widespread rain and snow with substantial accumulated precipitation,heavy snowfall and deep snow depth.As a result,many new weather records were built in many regions.

关 键 词：东亚大槽 寒潮 暴雪 雾-霾 

分 类 号：P448[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P458