1910—1911年东北鼠疫爆发与治理  

The Outbreak and Management of Plague in Northeast China,1910-1911

作　　者：范桂红 王嘉宁 FAN Gui-hong;WANG Jia-ning(Archives,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar,Heilongjiang 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学档案馆,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第3期129-133,共5页Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：高教强省高校省级智库开发课题(一般项目):黑龙江流域非遗原真性保护与旅游活化路径研究(ZKKF2022128);黑龙江省省属本科高校“优秀青年教师基础研究支持计划”(一般项目):数字创意视域下城市红色档案文创产品研究(YQLH2023111)。

摘　　要：1910-1911年爆发的鼠疫给东北地区带来了巨大灾难,由于社会经济发展水平低和政府在公共卫生方面知识匮乏,导致爆发的鼠疫迅速扩散。为了维系基本生活需求政府迫使社会底层民众大肆捕猎患病旱獭,政府和民众在现代医学知识方面的局限性,加之当时东北区域医疗卫生设施不完善等因素共同导致鼠疫大规模爆发。鼠疫预防和控制工作面临着巨大挑战,从而导致死亡人数和破坏程度达到历史新高。随着鼠疫疫情不断蔓延,政府民众对于鼠疫认识日渐加深,通过官民有效合作成功对抗鼠疫侵袭。防疫处的创立以及各大医疗机构的设立,为构建近代的医学疾病防控体系奠定了稳固基础。随着现代医疗知识在社会广泛普及,人们的传统观念正在发生转变,对于疾病预防和控制意识也日益增强,这不仅为政府在未来应对突发传染病时的预防与治疗提供便利,也为近代东北地区的持续进步与变革提供了推动力。The plague outbreak in 1910-1911 brought great disaster to the Northeast region.Due to the low level of socioeconomic development and the government’s lack of knowledge in public health,the outbreak spread rapidly.In order to maintain basic living needs,people at the bottom of society are forced to hunt sickmarmots.The limitations of modern medical knowledge of the government and the people,as well as the imperfect medical and health facilities in the Northeast at that time and other factors jointly led to a large-scale outbreak of plague.Plague prevention and control faces enormous challenges,leading to record-breaking death tolls and devastation.As the plague epidemic continues to spread,the government and the public have become increasingly aware of the plague,and have successfully fought against the plague through effective cooperation between the government and the people.The establishment of the Epidemic Prevention Department and the establishment of major medical institutions laid a solid foundation for the construction of a modern medical disease prevention and control system.With the widespread popularization of modern medical knowledge in society,people’s traditional concepts are changing,and their awareness of disease prevention and control is also increasing.This not only facilitates the government’s prevention and treatment of sudden infectious diseases in the future,but also provides a driving force for the continuous progress and change of the Northeast in modern times.

关 键 词：1910-1911 鼠疫 成因 治理 

分 类 号：R2-09[医药卫生—中医学] K257[历史地理—历史学]