生物可降解塑料及其对人体毒性效应的研究进展  

Research Progress on Biodegradable Plastics and Their Exposure and Toxicity Effects on Human Health

作　　者：马冰馨 周铭源 MA Bingxin;ZHOU Mingyuan(Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《云南化工》2025年第4期25-30,共6页Yunnan Chemical Technology

摘　　要：综述了生物可降解塑料的分类、应用和降解特征。重点总结了生物可降解塑料释放的微塑料和增塑剂可能对人体呼吸系统、消化系统、遗传毒性和免疫系统造成的危害:呼吸系统方面,生物可降解微塑料可能引起呼吸系统疾病,但毒性相对较小,增塑剂可能会破坏肺脏抗氧化机制,导致肺细胞损伤;消化系统方面,两类物质都可能引起肠道炎症和肝脏损伤;遗传毒性方面,暂未发现生物可降解微塑料对哺乳动物和人体细胞有遗传毒性,而增塑剂可能干扰生殖激素;微塑料和增塑剂还可能诱发免疫系统的氧化应激和炎症反应。因此,生物可降解塑料对人体健康的潜在风险不容忽视。旨在为生物可降解塑料在人体健康领域的风险评估与合理使用提供参考。This review discusses the classification,applications,and degradation characteristics of biodegradable plastics,with a particular focus on the potential health risks associated with microplastics and plasticizers released from these materials.The impacts on the respiratory system,digestive system,genotoxicity,and immune system are systematically summarized.In the respiratory system,biodegradable microplastics may contribute to respiratory diseases,albeit with relatively low toxicity,whereas plasticizers may disrupt pulmonary antioxidant mechanisms,leading to lung cell damage.In the digestive system,both microplastics and plasticizers have been implicated in intestinal inflammation and liver damage.Regarding genotoxicity,no evidence has been found to suggest that biodegradable microplastics exert genotoxic effects on mammalian or human cells,while plasticizers may interfere with reproductive hormone regulation.Additionally,both microplastics and plasticizers may induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the immune system.Given these findings,the potential risks of biodegradable plastics to human health should not be overlooked.This review aims to provide a scientific basis for the risk assessment and prudent application of biodegradable plastics in the context of human health.

关 键 词：生物可降解塑料 废弃物 毒性效应 微塑料 增塑剂 研究进展 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]