北京市污水处理厂出水中典型抗生素药物的浓度水平  

Level of Typical Antibiotics in Effluent from Beijing Wastewater Treatment Plants

作　　者：王凡 武亚林 徐井旭 刘桂中 孙长虹 凌文翠 WANG Fan;WU Ya-lin;XU Jing-xu;LIU Gui-zhong;SUN Chang-hong;LING Wen-cui(National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制中心,北京100037

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第4期2263-2270,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：北京市科技计划课题项目(Z171100000717015);北京市生态环境保护科学研究院基金项目(Y2022-09)。

摘　　要：为了解北京市污水处理厂出水中抗生素的浓度水平,采用超高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱联用仪(UPLC-MS/MS),对北京市9座污水厂出水抗生素进行了检测,并分析了污水处理工艺和建成年限等因素对抗生素浓度的影响,进行了抗生素与常规水质指标、阴离子活性剂和重金属之间的相关性分析.结果表明,9座污水厂中共检出4类13种抗生素,总浓度为16.18~330.02 ng·L^(−1),其中磺胺吡啶、罗红霉素、克拉霉素和阿奇霉素检出率为100%,磺胺二甲氧嘧啶检出率为88.9%,磺胺多辛、磺胺氯哒嗪及氧氟沙星检出率均为77.8%.从检出浓度平均值看,最高的依次是氧氟沙星、罗红霉素和磺胺吡啶,分别是43.83、13.89和7.51 ng·L^(−1).与国内外其他污水厂相比,北京市污水厂出水中磺胺类、喹诺酮类抗生素浓度水平明显较低.大环内酯类抗生素中,克拉霉素检出浓度水平相对较低,其余种类则与其他污水厂相当.抗生素浓度与常规水质指标、阴离子活性剂和重金属的相关性分析表明,磺胺类抗生素与上述的多数指标没有明显的相关性,而大环内酯类抗生素与TP、BOD和阴离子活性剂等呈正相关.To investigate the concentration level of antibiotics in the effluent of Beijing's wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)was used to detect antibiotics in the effluent of nine WWTPs in Beijing,and the effects of the WWTPs process and the years of construction and other factors on the antibiotic level were analyzed.The correlation between antibiotics and conventional water quality indicators,anionic active agents,and heavy metals was analyzed.The results showed that a total of 13 antibiotics in four categories were detected in nine WWTPs,with total concentrations ranging from 16.18 to 330.02 ng·L^(−1),among which sulfapyridine,roxithromycin,clarithromycin,and azithromycin were detected at a rate of 100%;sulfadimethoxine was detected at a rate of 88.9%;and sulfadoxine,sulfachloropyridazine,and ofloxacin were detected at a rate of 77.8%.In terms of the average detection concentration,the highest were ofloxacin,roxithromycin,and sulfapyridine,respectively,at 43.83,13.89,and 7.51 ng·L^(−1).Compared with other WWTPs in China and abroad,the concentration levels of sulfonamides and quinolones in the effluent of Beijing's WWTPs were significantly lower.Among the macrolide antibiotics,clarithromycin was detected at a relatively low concentration level,and the remaining types were comparable to those of other WWTPs.Correlation analysis of antibiotic concentrations with conventional water quality indicators,anionic active agents,and heavy metals showed that sulfonamide antibiotics had no significant correlation with most of the indicators mentioned above,whereas macrolide antibiotics were positively correlated with TP,BOD,anionic active agents,etc.

关 键 词：抗生素 污水处理厂(WWTPs) 污染特征 相关性分析 水质指标 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]