河套平原盐碱化耕地土壤质量评价与障碍因素诊断  

Soil Quality Evaluation and Obstacle Diagnosis of Saline-Alkali Cultivated Land in the Hetao Plain

作　　者：张俊华[1,2] 黄华雨 丁启东 贾科利 ZHANG Jun-hua;HUANG Hua-yu;DING Qi-dong;JIA Ke-li(School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Geographical Sciences and Planning,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学生态环境学院,银川750021 [2]西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,银川750021 [3]宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院,银川750021

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第4期2325-2336,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900602,2023YFD1900103);国家自然科学基金项目(42067003);宁夏科技创新领军人才项目(2022GKLRLX02)。

摘　　要：耕地土壤质量决定粮食安全和农田生态系统的发展.利用16个土壤基本理化属性研究黄河中上游河套灌区5个典型盐渍化区耕地土壤退化指数(SDI)和抗性指数(SRI)特征;基于全数据集(TDS)和最小数据集(MDS),分别通过隶属函数(MF)、线性(S_(L))和非线性评分(S_(NL))6种方法计算土壤质量指数(SQI),探讨不同方法SQI值的差异、相关性及各研究区土壤质量等级,并诊断不同研究区土壤障碍情况.结果表明:①红寺堡土壤电导率(EC)的SDI值最小(−265.84),SDI最大值为惠农土壤速效钾(AK)(60.37);杭锦后旗土壤全盐含量(TS)的SRI最低(−0.6347),惠农silt的SRI最高(0.8788).土壤EC、钠吸附比(SAR)、TS和碱化度(ESP)对SDI和SRI更敏感.5个研究区土壤质量整体呈显著退化状态,SRI和SDI平均值呈极显著相关关系.②筛选出的最小数据集(MDS)包括:土壤全氮(TN)、EC、黏粒含量(clay)、pH和AK,可以解释16项初选指标76.46%的信息.6种评价方法计算的SQI平均值:SQI(MDS-S_(L))>SQI(TDS-MF)>SQI(MDS-MF)>SQI(TDS-S_(L))>SQI(TDS-S_(NL))>SQI(MDS-S_(NL)).各方法SQI都极显著相关;以SQI(TDS-MF)为参考值,SQI(TDS-S_(NL))与其相关系数最大;评分法中,S_(NL)整体表现优于S_(L),但其SQI值偏低.③整个研究区土壤质量以中、低等级为主(占总面积的54.05%);红寺堡等级最低(中、低质量等级占85.71%),惠农高和较高质量等级占比最大(70.31%).研究区目前主要面临土壤肥力限制型障碍(尤其是红寺堡),惠农、五原、杭锦后旗还存在质地障碍,西大滩存在碱胁迫.研究结果可以为评价河套平原盐碱耕地退化程度、土壤质量、选择合理的改良措施提供科学依据.Soil quality of cultivated land determines food security and the development of farmland ecosystems.In this study,16 soil physical and chemical properties were used to determine the characteristics of soil degradation index(SDI)and resistance index(SRI)in five typical areas of the Hetao Irrigation District in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.Based on the total data set(TDS)and minimum data set(MDS),the soil quality index(SQI)was calculated using six methods of membership function and linear(S_(L))and nonlinear scoring(S_(NL)).The difference and correlation of SQI values in different methods and the soil quality grade in each study area were discussed,and the soil obstacles in different study areas were clarified.The results showed that:①The SDI value of EC in Hongsibu was the lowest(−265.84),and the maximum value was AK in Huinong(60.37).The SRI of soil TS in Hangjinhouqi was the lowest(0.6347),and the SRI of Huinong silt was the highest(0.8788).Soil EC,SAR,TS,and ESP were more sensitive to SDI and SRI.On the whole,the soil quality of the five study areas was significantly degraded.The mean values of SRI and SDI of all indicators were significantly correlated.②MDS included five indicators of soil TN,EC,clay,pH,and AK,which could explain 76.46%of the 16 primary indicators in the whole data set.The average SQI calculated by the six evaluation methods were as follows:SQI(MDS-S_(L))>SQI(TDS-MF)>SQI(MDS-MF)>SQI(TDS-S_(L))>SQI(TDS-S_(NL))>SQI(MDS-S_(NL)).With SQI(TDS-MF)as the reference value,the SQI of each method was significantly correlated with it,and the correlation coefficient with SQI(TDS-S_(NL))was the largest.In the scoring methods,the overall performance of S_(NL) was better than that of S_(L),but its SQI value was small.③The soil quality of the whole study area was dominated by medium and low grades(accounting for 54.05%of the total area);the soil grade of Hongsibu was the lowest(medium and low-grade soil accounted for 85.71%).High and higher quality soil of Huinong accounted for the

关 键 词：黄河上游 土壤退化指数(SDI) 最小数据集(MDS) 评分法 土壤质量指数(SQI) 土壤障碍度 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]