香蕉新品种“宝岛蕉”的选育及关键栽培技术  

Breeding a new banana variety Baodao banana and its key cultivation technology

作　　者：程世敏 赵明 张欣 谢子四[1] 苏祖祥 马源 谢艺贤[3] 黄丽娜[1] 魏守兴[1] CHENG Shimin;ZHAO Ming;ZHANG Xin;XIE Zisi;SU Zuxiang;MA Yuan;XIE Yixian;HUANG Lina;WEI Shouxing(Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Southern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation/National Cultivar Improvement Center of Tropical Fruit Tree,Haikou,Hainan,571101,China;Biotechnology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China;Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan,571101,China;Hainan Lanxiang Lianong Technology Development Co.Ltd.,Changjiang,Hainan,572725,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部华南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室/海南省热带作物资源遗传改良与创新重点实验室/国家热带果树品种改良中心,海口571101 [2]广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所,南宁530007 [3]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海口571101 [4]海南蓝祥联农科技开发有限公司,海南昌江572725

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第2期77-82,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-31);海南省自然科学基金(320QN343);农业农村部物种品种资源保护项目(151821301354052712);中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队建设项目(CATASCXTD202308)资助。

摘　　要：“宝岛蕉”又称“新北蕉”,编号GCTCV-218,是台湾香蕉研究所从福建地方品种“北蕉”组培苗后代中选出的优良变异株系。2004年从台湾香蕉研究所引种至海南。经过研究团队多年“试种—优选”,获得商品性状优良、综合性状稳定、生育期较短、抗病性较好的新品种“宝岛蕉”。宝岛蕉属中高杆型,假茎高度240~300 cm,假茎基周长80~90 cm;在海南、广东产区生育期330~360 d,在广西、云南、福建等产区生育期360~390 d;多年多点生产性试验表明,株产24~30 kg,平均每667 m2产量3100~3600 kg;可溶性固形物含量22.72%、可滴定酸含量0.41%、维生素C含量7.45 mg/100 g、可溶性糖含量20.95%、可食率68.52%,综合品质优良;田间高抗尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense,Foc)引起的香蕉枯萎病。宝岛蕉于2012年通过海南省作物品种审定委员会认定(琼认香蕉2012003),2021年通过全国热带作物品种审定委员会审定(2021010),目前每年种植面积超过3.33万hm2,已成为我国香蕉主栽品种之一。Baodao Banana,also known as New Beijiao,codenamed GCTCV-218,is an excellent variant line selected by Taiwan Banana Research Institute from the offsprings of Fujian local variety Beijiao.In 2004,Baodao banana was introduced to Hainan from Taiwan Banana Research Institute.After many years of‘trial-and-selection’by researchers,the new variety Baodao Banana with better commercial characters,more stable comprehensive characters,shorter growth period and better disease resistance was obtained.Baodao banana is a medium-high stem type,with the height of pseudostem of 240-300 cm,and the basal circumference of pseudostem of 80-90 cm.The growth period was 330-360 days in Hainan and Guangdong,and 360-390 days in Guangxi,Yunnan and Fujian.Many years of multisite production trial showed that the yield per plant was 24-30 kg,and the average yield per 667 m 2 was 3,100-3,600 kg,with soluble solid content of 22.72%,titrable acid content of 0.41%,vitamin C content of 7.45 mg·(100 g)-1,soluble sugar content of 20.95%,edible rate of 68.52%,with excellent overall quality.This variety has high resistance to banana wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense(Foc.).In 2012,Baodao banana was approved by the Hainan provincial crop variety approval committee(Qiong Ren Banana2012003).It was approved by the national tropical crop variety approval committee(2021010)in 2021.At present,the annual planting area of this variety was more than 33,300 hm 2,and has become one of the main banana cultivars in China.

关 键 词：香蕉 香蕉枯萎病 宝岛蕉 巴西蕉 抗性 栽培技术 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]