南亚系列澳洲坚果品种在贵州的适应性研究  

Study on adaptability of South Asian macadamia cultivars in Guizhou

作　　者：康专苗 郭广正 王代谷 何凤平 曾辉[2] 王文林 涂行浩[2] KANG Zhuanmiao;GUO Guangzheng;WANG Daigu;HE Fengping;ZENG Hui;WANG Wenlin;TU Xinghao(Institute of Subtropical Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingyi,Guizhou,562400,China;South Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,Guangdong,524091,China;Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences Research Institute,Congzuo,Guangxi,532415,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院亚热带作物研究所,贵阳550025 [2]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江524091 [3]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西崇左532400

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第2期83-90,共8页South China Fruits

基　　金：澳洲坚果新品种区域试验(2025-GZZM-KBM-01);贵州省林业科研项目(黔林科合[2025]07号和[2022]19号);贵州山地澳洲坚果育种长期科研基地(2020132540);澳洲坚果新品种培育与绿色高效生产项目资助。

摘　　要：为筛选出适合在贵州热区栽培的澳洲坚果品种,在贵州省兴义市和望谟县3个地点引进南亚2号、12号和116号等3个南亚系列澳洲坚果品种种植,以主栽品种HAES788(简称788)为对照,调查分析各品种在3个引种点的株高、冠幅、茎粗、产量、果实性状和果仁内在品质等指标。结果表明,在3个试验点4个品种株高、冠幅和主茎粗差异均不显著,产量、果实性状和果仁品质存在显著性差异。与对照(788)相比,南亚2号投产早,产量高,果实出籽率高,果仁蛋白质含量高,粗脂肪含量低,且种植后第4~8年青皮果株产年均增产123.6%;南亚12号投产早,产量高,果实大,着果率高、出籽率高,出仁率高,第4~8年青皮果株产年均增产128.2%;南亚116号产量高,稳产性好,出仁率高,果壳薄,第4~8年青皮果株产年均增产179.6%。说明3个南亚系列澳洲坚果品种在贵州适应性好,具有投产早、产量高和品质优等特点,符合澳洲坚果高产品种选育要求,适宜在贵州南亚热区推广种植。In order to screen the suitable macadamia cultivars for cultivation in the hot zone of Guizhou,three South Asian series of macadamia cultivars,Nanya No.2,Nanya No.12 and Nanya No.116 were introduced in Xingyi City and Wangmo County,with the main cultivated variety HAES788 as control to investigate the indexes including plant height,crown width,stem thickness,yield,fruit traits and kernel quality.The results showed that there was no significant difference in plant height,crown width and stem thickness between these four cultivars,but there were significant differences in yields,fruit traits and kernel quality of these four varieties.Compared with control(788),Nanya No.2 had the characteristics of early production,high yield,high seed yield,high kernel protein content,low crude fat content,with an increase of average annual yield of green fruit by 123.6%in the 4th to 8th year after planting.Nanya No.12 had the characteristics of early production,high yield,large fruit,high fruit set,high seed yield,high kernel yield,and 128.2%of increase in annual average yield of green fruit in the 4th to 8th years.Nanya No.116 had high yield and stable production,high seed and kernel yields,thin shell,and an average annual yield increase of 179.6%in year 4 to 8.The three macadamia cultivars of South Asia series are well adapted to Guizhou,with the characteristics of early production,high yield and excellent quality,which are in line with the requirements of high-yield cultivar selection and breeding,suitable for popularization of planting in the South Asian hot region of Guizhou.

关 键 词：贵州 澳洲坚果 南亚系 品种 株高 产量 果仁 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]