杧果老龄郁闭低产园改造前后树冠、光照和产量对比  

Comparison of crown,light and yield of old,shaded and low-yield mango orchards before and after reconstruction

作　　者：林凤昌 梁荫泉 罗慧[3] 罗俊奇 李秋萍 李界秋[3] 方中斌[3] 黄丞珏 LIN Fengchang;LIANG Yinquan;LUO Hui;LUO Junqi;LI Qiuping;LI Jieqiu;FANG Zhongbin;HUANG Chengjue(Agricultural Service Center of Nachen Town,Liangqing District,Nanning,Guangxi,530231,China;Science and Technology Bureau of Liangqing District,Nanning,Guangxi,530000;Industrial Development Institute of Agri-animal husbandry,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi,530005,China;Guangxi Fruit Technology Guidance Station,Nanning,Guangxi,530022,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁市良庆区那陈镇农业服务中心,南宁530231 [2]南宁市良庆区科学技术局,南宁530000 [3]广西大学农牧产业发展研究院,南宁530005 [4]广西壮族自治区水果技术指导站,南宁530022

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第2期108-113,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系广西杧果创新团队桂南综合试验站(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-06-04);果树减肥减药省工省力增效栽培技术研究与示范(2021017);广西杧果产业服务团支撑那徐乡村振兴高质量杧果产业示范基地建设(202219)资助。

摘　　要：为探寻广西杧果老龄郁闭低产园简单易行、见效快、效果好的改造方法,在南宁市该类杧果园实施重构树冠骨架结构和树冠控高控宽的改造技术,测定比较改造前及改造后不同年份株高、冠径、株行距、叶幕层厚度、树冠光照强度、产量、商品果率及优果率。结果表明,株高由改造前的4.98 m下降至2.74 m,下降45.0%;行向和株向冠径由改造前的7.03 m和5.96 m分别减缩至5.54 m和4.56 m,并使行间和株间由改造前分别相互交叉1.03 m和0.96 m转变为行间和株间分别产生0.46 m和0.44 m的空隔;枝条数量由改造前的569.7条减少至279.0条,减少53.2%;叶幕层厚度由改造前的2.96 m缩减至1.57 m,减少47.0%;树冠上、中、下层光照强度分别提高1.9%、36.5%、145.1%,树冠中下层光照强度改善明显。改造后第1年产量1009.7 kg/667 m^(2);改造后2~5年平均产量1547.3 kg/667 m^(2),优质果率74.8%,商品果率95.3%。说明该改造方法达到降树高、缩树形、减重叠、透光照和丰产稳产目的,见效快,效果好,配套关键技术适宜,是杧果老龄郁闭低产园改造确实可行方法。To explore a simple,quick and effective reconstruction method for old,shaded and low-yield mango orchards,a field experiment was conducted in Nanning to investigate and compare the plant height,crown diameter,row and plant spaces,canopy thickness,canopy light intensity,yield,commodity fruit rate and high grade fruit rate of old,shaded and low-yield mango orchards before and after reconstruction by the methods of reforming the crown skeleton structure and controlling the height and width of crown.The results showed that the plant height was decreased from 4.98 m before reconstruction to 2.74 m after reconstruction,which was decreased by 45.0%.The crown diameter in row direction and plant direction was reduced from 6.93 m and 5.86 m before reconstruction to 5.54 m and 4.56 m after reconstruction,respectively,so the row space and plant space changed from branch overlapped by 1.03 m and 0.96 m before reconstruction to distant by 0.46 m and 0.44 m after reconstruction,respectively.The branch number was decreased from 569.7 before reconstruction to 239.0 after reconstruction,decreased by 58.9%.The thickness of canopy was reduced from^(2).96 m before reconstruction to 1.57 m after reconstruction,which was reduced by 47.0%.The light intensity of lower,middle and upper layer of crown was increased by 145.1%,36.5%and 1.9%,respectively.The yield in the first year after reconstruction was 1,009.7 kg/667 m^(2),and the average yield,high quality fruit rate and commodity fruit rate of 2nd to 5th year after reconstruction was 1,547.3 kg/667 m^(2),74.8%and 95.3%,respectively.Therefore,the reconstruction method achieved purpose of reducing tree height,shrinking tree shape,reducing branch cross over,improving transparency,and high and stable yield,which is a feasible way to reform the old,shaded and low-yield mango orchards.

关 键 词：杧果 老龄郁闭低产园 改造 树冠 光照 产量 

分 类 号：S667.7[农业科学—果树学]