20个猕猴桃栽培品种在贵州乌蒙山区的引种表现  

Introduction performance of 20 kiwifruit cultivars in Wumeng Mountains area of Guizhou

作　　者：仲伟敏 刘青 张晟 孙雷明[2] 龙幔 周嘉 林苗苗[2] 袁腾 史斌斌 唐冬梅 徐特 ZHONG Weimin;LIU Qing;ZHANG Sheng;SUN Leiming;LONG Man;ZHOU Jia;LIN Miaomiao;YUAN Teng;SHI Binbin;TANG Dongmei;XU Te(Guizhou Fruit Science Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou,550006,China;Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan,450009,China;Shuicheng District Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau,Liupanshui,Guizhou,553600,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院贵州省果树科学研究所,贵阳550006 [2]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [3]贵州六盘水市水城区农业农村局,贵州六盘水553600

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第2期156-164,共9页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD160171001);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-26);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2024]一般115号);黔科合重大专项[2024]026资助。

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜贵州乌蒙地区气候和综合性状优良的猕猴桃品种供生产中推广应用,引进中猕2号、翠香等20个猕猴桃栽培品种,从物候期、树体生长、果实品质等方面进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)20个品种在试验区内均能完成整个生育周期,能正常结实;其中,7个软枣猕猴桃品种的果实成熟时间最早,红阳及其余品种在8月下旬后陆续成熟;(2)供试品种表现出自身植物学特征,美味猕猴桃中猕2号、徐香、汉美、香绿和米良1号及毛花猕猴桃早旭和华特的树体生长势表现健壮且适应性强;(3)供试品种的果实外观和内在品质存在差异,中猕2号、翠香、金桃、天源红和龙城2号的可溶性固形物含量高达16.5%以上,风味酸甜,早旭和华特果形指数和维生素C含量最高,果肉细腻。(4)采用主成分分析法对参试猕猴桃果实的性状指标进行综合评价,各种类综合得分排在前3位的品种为软枣猕猴桃天源红、仲夏红和龙城2号。根据2023年测定结果进行主成分分析和综合评分并考虑品种结构配置,初步筛选出在贵州乌蒙山区适宜的特色品种,其中美味猕猴桃适宜品种为中猕2号和翠香,中华猕猴桃适宜品种为红阳和金桃,软枣猕猴桃适宜品种为天源红和L-15-10,毛花猕猴桃适宜品种为早旭,可满足当地猕猴桃产业对品种多样性的需求。In order to screen kiwifruit cultivars suitable for the climate of Wumeng area of Guizhou,with good comprehensive traits for promotion and application in production,20 excellent kiwifruit varieties including Zhongmi No.2 and Cuixiang were introduced.The phenological period,tree growth,and fruit quality of these cultivars were comprehensively evaluated.The results indicated that:(1)20 varieties could complete the entire growth cycle and produce fruit normally in test area.The fruit maturity time of 7 Actinidia arguta varieties was the earliest,and Hongyang and the remaining varieties gradually matured after late August.(2)The tested varieties showed their own botanical characteristics,among which,Zhongmi No.2,Xuxiang,Hanmei,Xianglyu,and Miliang No.1 of A.chinensis var.deliciosa,as well as Zaoxu and Huate of A.eriantha showed vigorous growth and strong adaptability.(3)There were differences in the appearance and intrinsic quality of the fruits of the tested varieties.Zhongmi No.2,Cuixiang,Jintao,Tianyuanhong,and Longcheng No.2 had a soluble solid content of over 16.5%,with a sweet and sour flavor,while Zaoxu and Huate had the highest fruit shape index and vitamin C content,with tender flesh.(4)Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the trait indicators of the tested kiwifruit fruits.The varieties ranked in the top 3 based on the comprehensive scores were Tianyuanhong,Zhongxiahong and Longcheng No.2 of A.arguta.According to the principal component analysis and comprehensive score based on the data of 2023,and considering the variety structure configuration,special varieties suitable for cultivation in Wumeng mountains areas were preliminarily selected,including Zhongmi No.2 and Cuixiang of A.chinensis var.deliciosa,Hongyang and Jintao of A.chinensis var.chinensis,Tianyuanhong and L-15-10 of A.arguta,and Zaoxu of A.eriantha,which can meet the requirements of local kiwi fruit industry for variety diversity.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 物候期 果实品质 引种表现 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]