冬季补光处理及环剥处理对“阳光玫瑰”葡萄冬果发育的影响  

Effects of supplement light in winter and girding on development of winter fruits of Shine Muscat grape

作　　者：胡长久 喻周一雄 陈铁文 沈小洁 李慧 杨玲 邓楚然 范妍 黄辉祥 黄旭明[1] HU Changjiu;YUZHOU Yixiong;CHEN Tiewen;SHEN Xiaojie;LI Hui;YANG Ling;DENG Churan;FAN Yan;HUANG Huixiang;HUANG Xuming(College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510642,China;Dongguan Agricultural Science Research Center,Dongguan,Guangdong,523000,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院,广州510642 [2]东莞农业科学研究中心,广东东莞523000

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第2期170-174,181,共6页South China Fruits

摘　　要：近年来广东葡萄产业兴起,可进行一年两收。冬季,随着日照缩短、气温降低,叶片发生系统性衰老,不利于冬季葡萄果实发育和品质形成。为探索人工补光和环剥处理对果实发育的影响,为改善冬季果实发育和品质形成提供参考,以8年生5BB砧“阳光玫瑰”为试材,从2023年11月19日开始,以3μmol/(m^(2)·s)红光和蓝光(5∶1)的LED灯带为“阳光玫瑰”果穗节位附近的叶片进行人工补光,补光时间为每天18:00—24:00,直至果实成熟;2023年12月3日,对葡萄主枝进行环剥。取样记录浆果纵横径和可溶性固形物(TSS)含量,分析果实有机酸和氨基酸。结果表明,补光处理对纵横径及单果质量无明显影响,显著提高果实TSS含量;补光处理显著降低有机酸含量,进而显著提高固酸比,同时也使果实大部分氨基酸含量降低,其中,苦味氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸含量明显降低。环剥处理导致果径和单果质量显著降低,显著提高了果实TSS含量,降低了有机酸含量,其中酒石酸含量下降明显,固酸比显著提高。补光处理和环剥处理对果径、TSS含量和有机酸有互作效应。补光处理和环剥处理均可促进冬季“阳光玫瑰”葡萄可溶性固形物积累,加快有机酸代谢,提高果实固酸比,但环剥处理不利于果实膨大。In recent years,the grape industry in Guangdong has been thriving with two harvests per year.During winter,with shortening of daylight and decrease of temperature,the leaves undergo systemic senescence,adversely affecting grape fruit development and quality.To explore the effects of supplemental lighting and girdling treatments on fruit development,provide a reference for improving fruit development and quality formation in winter,eight-year-old Shine Muscat grape on 5BB rootstock was used as experimental material.Starting from November 19,LED strips with 3μmol/(m^(2)·s)of red and blue light(ratio of 5:1)were used to provide daily artificial lighting to the leaves near the Shine Muscat fruit cluster nodes from 18:00 to 24:00 until fruit maturation.On December 3,2023,the main grape branches were girdled.The diameter and soluble solids content of berry were recorded,and the organic acids and amino acids in the fruit were analyzed.The results showed that supplemental lighting treatment had no significant effect on berry diameter and weight,but significantly increased TSS(total soluble solids)content.The treatment significantly reduced organic acid levels,thereby increasing the sugar-acid ratio,while decreased the contents of most amino acids in the fruit,including bitter amino acids and umami amino acids.Girdling treatment significantly reduced berry diameter and weight,but significantly increased TSS content and decreased organic acid levels,particularly tartaric acid,thus significantly increased the sugar-acid ratio.The effects of supplemental lighting and girdling treatments interacted on fruit diameter,TSS content and organic acids.Both supplemental lighting and girdling treatments can promote the accumulation of soluble solids and accelerate organic acid metabolism in Shine Muscat grapes during winter,thus increasing the sugar-acid ratio.However,girdling treatment is not conducive to fruit enlargement.

关 键 词：“阳光玫瑰”葡萄 LED补光 环剥 果实发育 品质形成 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]