几种生物功能肥对苹果叶部病害的防效及对苹果的安全性观察  

Control effect of several biological functional fertilizers on apple leaf diseases and observation of their safety for apples

作　　者：柳建伟 魏江文 李青梅 史广亮 赵智慧 韩菊红 李金峰 姜延军 LIU Jianwei;WEI Jiangwen;LI Qingmei;SHI Guangliang;ZHAO Zhihui;HAN Juhong;LI Jinfeng;JIANG Yanjun(Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingliang,Gansu,744000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省平凉市农业科学院,甘肃平凉744000

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第2期193-197,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：甘肃省陇原青年英才项目(甘人社通[2023]142号);平凉市科技计划项目(平科任[2021]23号)资助。

摘　　要：苹果黑星病、斑点落叶病和锈病是严重危害苹果生产的叶部病害,本研究旨在探索苹果叶部病害的绿色防治技术,采用大田试验的方法比较了叶面喷施6种生物功能肥和非农药化合物亚磷酸钾对靶标病害的防治效果及其对苹果的安全性。结果表明,对苹果黑星病的防治,黄腐酸钙钾、亚磷酸钾末次施用后15 d和30 d防效均达到73%和98%以上,控制作用显著;对苹果斑点落叶病的防治,糖醇钙、亚磷酸钾末次施用后15 d和30 d防效为66.67%~74.35%,控制作用较好且稳定;对苹果锈病的防治,各处理末次施用后15 d、30 d防效为8.75%~33.96%和9.11%~42.75%,控制作用不明显。观察发现,各处理对苹果叶片、枝梢及果实未产生不良影响,均无药害发生,但在叶片厚薄、果实均匀度及树势表现上有差异。筛选出的生物功能肥能有效控制苹果黑星病和斑点落叶病的发生,且对苹果的生长发育安全,同时可提高苹果树抗病性,减少化学农药使用,在苹果叶部病害的绿色防控中具有较大应用潜力。Apple scab,apple alternaria leaf spot,and apple rust are leaf diseases that affect apple production seriously.This study aims to explore green control techniques for apple leaf diseases.The control effect of six biological functional fertilizers and potassium phosphite on target diseases and their safety for apples through foliar spray were compared.The results showed that fulvic acid calcium potassium and potassium phosphite significantly controlled apple scab with efficacy above 73%and 98%at 15 days and 30 days post-treatment,respectively.The control efficacy of sugar alcohol calcium and potassium phosphonate for apple alternaria leaf rot was between 66.67%and 74.35%at 15 days and 30 days after the final application,indicating a good and stable control effect.The control efficacy on apple rust was low,ranged from 8.75%to 33.96%at 15 days and 9.11%to 42.75%at 30 days post-treatment.It was observed that all treatments were safe for apple leaves,branches,and fruits,without phytotoxicity,while differences were noted in leaf thickness,fruit uniformity,and tree vigor.The biological functional fertilizer screened out in this study can control the occurrence of apple scab and alternaria leaf rot effectively,and were safe for the growth and development of apple plants,enhanced the disease resistance of apple trees,and reduced the use of chemical fungicides,showing great potential for green control of apple leaf diseases.

关 键 词：生物功能肥 苹果 叶部病害 安全性 叶面喷施 防治效果 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]