苹果根腐病拮抗细菌的筛选鉴定及生防作用  

Screening of antagonistic bacteria and its biocontrol effect against apple root rot

作　　者：寸海春 何鹏搏 何鹏飞[1] 吴毅歆[1] Shahzad MUNIR 唐萍[1] 孔宝华 张慧 何月秋[1] CUN Haichun;HE Pengbo;HE Pengfei;WU Yixin;Shahzad MUNIR;TANG Ping;KONG Baohua;ZHANG Hui;HE Yueqiu(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan,650201,China;College of Agronomy and Life Sciences,Zhaotong University,Zhaotong,Yunnan,657000,China;Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center of Xishan District,Kunming,Yunnan,652199,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,昆明650201 [2]昭通学院农学与生命科学学院,云南昭通657000 [3]昆明市西山区农业技术推广服务中心,昆明652199

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第2期198-203,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划“云南高原特色经济作物专用生物肥料创制及产业化应用”项目(202202AE090025)资助。

摘　　要：为了绿色、有效地防控苹果根腐病,采用稀释涂板法分离苹果根际细菌,以苹果根腐病病原菌褐座坚壳菌做指示菌,筛选抑菌菌株,并做潜力菌株S-25室内防病试验和菌株鉴定。结果表明,从苹果根际中分离到68株细菌,其中17株能抑制苹果根腐病菌褐座坚壳菌的生长,其中菌株S-25能定殖于苹果枝条。该菌株对引起苹果病害的病原菌腐皮镰刀菌、葡萄座腔菌及黑腐皮壳菌的抑菌率达到50%以上,对生长速度较快的玉米纹枯病菌的抑菌率仍能达到48.89%。根据形态特征及gyrA、16S rRNA和rpoB多基因序列分析结果,S-25为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。S-25施用12个月后,预防根腐病效果达61.11%,治疗根腐病效果为27.78%,表明提前施用S-25能更好地防控苹果根腐病。To achieve green and efficient control of apple root rot,the dilution plating method was employed to isolate bacteria from apple rhizosphere.Using the apple root rot pathogen Rosellinia necatrix as the indicator strain,antifungal bacterial strains were screened,and the indoor control experiments and strain identification of the potential strain S-25 were carried out.The results showed that a total of 68 bacteria strains were isolated from the apple rhizosphere,and 17 strains were able to inhibit the growth of R.necatrix,and the strain S-25 could colonize on apple branches.The strain S-25 effectively achieved 50%inhibition rate against several apple pathogens including Fusarium solani,Botryosphaeria dothidea,and Valsa mali,with a slightly lower inhibition rate of 48.89%for maize sheath blight pathogen,Rhizoctonia solani.Morphological characteristics and multigenetic sequence analysis results of gyrA,16S rRNA,and rpoB suggested that strain S-25 belongs to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.The prevention and control effect of S-25 on root rot disease was 61.11%and 27.78%,respectively,at one year after application,indicating that early application of biocontrol strain S-25 could better control the apple root rot disease.

关 键 词：苹果根腐病 褐座坚壳菌 解淀粉芽孢杆菌 生物防治 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]