5个美国薄壳山核桃引种表现及综合评价  

Introduction performance and comprehensive evaluation of 5 American carya pecans

作　　者：马冬梅 郭兴贵 朱福民 MA Dongmei;GUO Xingui;ZHU Fumin(Jiuquan Vocational Technical College,Jiuquan,Shaanxi,73500,China;Cheng County Xingfeng Agriculture and Forestry Technology Co.Ltd,Longnan,Shaanxi,742500,China;Cheng County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Longnan,Shaanxi,742500,China)

机构地区：[1]酒泉职业技术大学,甘肃酒泉735000 [2]成县兴丰农林科技有限责任公司,甘肃陇南742500 [3]成县农业技术推广中心,甘肃陇南742500

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第2期208-212,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：甘肃省重点项目美国薄壳山核桃引种试验及示范项目(编号17YF1NK089)资助。

摘　　要：对引进的5个美国薄壳山核桃品种成引1号、成引4号、成引6号、成引10号、成引15号植物学特征、生物学特性、物候期、果实经济性状、抗性及生长结果情况等进行观测,做出综合评价。结果表明,5个美国薄壳山核桃品种在甘肃省陇南徽县生长发育良好,适应性强,高抗细菌性黑斑病、炭疽病,抗病虫害优于地方品种;萌芽、开花、结实、落叶等物候期及其雄花花序长度、雌花柱头颜色等特征相对明显,萌芽展叶期比普通核桃晚15~20 d,5月上中旬开花,能避开当地4月上中旬晚霜危害;果实外观基本保持原有特征,但果实偏小,需待进一步研究。坚果风味有淡香、香、香甜、浓香4种类型,出仁率50%以上,营养丰富,单不饱和脂肪酸含量达70%,约为普通核桃的5倍,维生素E含量高,富含锌、硒。成引15号开花结果明显提早,产量最高,其次成引4号、成引6号早实性较好,5个美国薄壳山核桃增收效果显著,可以示范推广。The botanical characteristics,biological characteristics,phenology,fruit economic traits,resistance,growth and fruiting status of five imported American thin-shell pecan varieties,including Chengyin No.1,Chengyin No.4,Chengyin No.6,Chengyin No.10 and Chengyin No.15,were observed and comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that five varieties of Hickory pecan in Hui County,Longnan City,Gansu Province showed good growth and development,strong adaptability,high resistance to bacterial black spot and anthracnose,and better resistance to insect and disease than local varieties.The phenology of germination,flowering,fruiting,defoliating and the length of male inflorescence and stigma color of female flowers of these five introduced varieties were relatively obvious.The sprouting and leaf expanding stage of introduced varieties was 15-20 days later than that of common pecan.The introduced pecans blossomed in early and middle May,which could avoid the harm of late frost in early and middle April.The appearance of the fruit basically maintained the original characteristics,with smaller fruit,which needs to be further studied.The nuts have four types of flavor,including light aroma,pure nutty,sweet and nutty,intense aroma,with kernel rate of more than 50%,and rich in nutrition.The content of monounsaturated fatty acid of nuts was about 5 times of ordinary pecan,reaching up to 70%.The content of vitamin E of introduced nut was high,and the nuts were rich in zinc and selenium.The flowering and fruiting of Chengyin No.15 were obviously earlier with the highest yield,followed by Chengyin No.4.Chengyin No.6 had better early fruiting characters.Five American thin-shell pecan varieties demonstrated significant yield increasing,and are recommended for demonstration and extension.

关 键 词：美国薄壳山核桃 引种表现 综合评价 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]