工作—生活平衡对中老年人再就业的影响机制及政策启示  

The Impact Mechanism and Policy Implications of Work-life Balance on the Reemployment of Middle-aged and Elderly People

作　　者：白玥 Bai Yue

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2025年第2期161-180,共20页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“积极老龄化视域下的老年人力资源再开发研究”(项目编号:20BRK024)。

摘　　要：中老年人退休后的再就业意愿在老龄化社会中具有重要的经济与社会意义,有助于开启二次人口红利窗口。文章以积极老龄化为视角,通过实证调研,剖析中老年人退休后再就业的意愿及其影响因素,重点探讨中老年人工作与生活平衡对其退休后再就业意愿的影响作用。研究发现,第一,中老年阶段存在社会角色过渡与转换。在接近退休年龄时工作—生活干扰最高,随着年龄的增长干扰程度下降,且工作对生活具有隐性干扰。第二,工作—生活平衡即WLB对中老年人再就业的影响在年龄、健康自评状况、退休状况、收入和家庭照顾方面呈现显著差异。第三,工作—生活干扰的持续增加和干扰的所处强度对再就业意愿有不同影响。在工作—生活干扰程度绝对变动方面,WLB水平越高,再就业意愿则越高。然而在干扰强度相对状态方面,低干扰比高干扰的中老年人再就业意愿更高。第四,影响中老年人再就业意愿的因素包括经济动因和自我实现动因。中国老年人参与社会经济活动的动机建立以健康为前提,在保障的基础上进而实现社会参与。最后,文章提出老年再就业的政策启示及政策体系的建构策略。The willingness of middle-aged and elderly people to re-enter the workforce after retirement has important economic and social significance in an aging society,which helps to open up a window of demographic dividends.This paper takes the perspective of active aging and conducts empirical research to analyze the willingness of middle-aged and elderly people to re-enter the workforce after retirement and its influencing factors,with a focus on exploring the impact of work-life balance(WLB)on their willingness to re-enter the workforce after retirement.Research has found that firstly,there is a transition and transformation of social roles among middle-aged and elderly people.The interferences between Work and life is highest near retirement age,and decreases with age,with work having implicit interference with life.Secondly,the impact of work-life balance(WLB)on the reemployment of middle-aged and elderly people shows significant differences in age,self-rated health status,retirement status,income,and family care giving.Thirdly,the continuous increase and the intensity of the interference between work and life have different impacts on the willingness to re-enter the workforce.In terms of absolute changes in the degree of interference between work and life,the higher the WLB level,the higher the willingness to re-enter the workforce.However,in terms of relative interference intensity,middle-aged and elderly people with low interference have a higher willingness to re-enter the workforce than those with high interference.Fourthly,the factors that affect the willingness of middle-aged and elderly people to re-enter the workforce include economic incentives and self-actualization incentives.The motivation for Chinese elderly to participate in socio-economic activities is based on health as a prerequisite,and they strive to achieve social participation based on security.Finally,this paper proposes policy implications for elderly reemployment and strategies for constructing a policy system.

关 键 词：积极老龄化 工作—生活平衡 中老年人 退休 再就业 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]