低比转速轴流泵流场特性试验  

Experimental Study on Flow Field Characteristics of Low Specific Speed Axia Flow Pump

作　　者：朱华伦 杨孟子 王宗龙[1] 刘腾岩 耿浩涵 ZHU Hualun;YANG Mengzi;WANG Zonglong;LIU Tengyan;GENG Haohan(Marine Design&Research Institute of China,Shanghai 200011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,上海200011

出　　处：《船舶》2025年第2期112-121,共10页Ship & Boat

基　　金：基础加强计划重点研究项目(MKS20210003)。

摘　　要：为研究不同流量工况(试验流量与设计流量的比值分别为0.9、1.0、1.1)下的低比转速轴流泵流场特性,该文通过粒子图像测速(particle image velocimetry,PIV)技术对低比转速轴流泵的叶轮前、叶轮内、导叶内以及导叶后轴向截面进行测量,并采用压力传感器获得泵内流场的壁面压力分布。试验结果表明:3种工况下,叶轮前的速度分布趋势一致,且沿着轴线方向呈加速趋势;不同相位下叶轮内存在较大速度梯度,且靠近轮毂处呈明显加速趋势,并存在高速集中区域;导叶内速度分布趋势基本一致,在设计流量下高速区分布更均匀,流动也更趋于平稳;导叶后流场速度在主流方向上逐渐增大,小流量下加速过程缓慢,而大流量下流速更快接近主流区;随流量增加,泵内流道测点压力值呈降低趋势,压力脉动主频均为叶频,设计流量下叶轮与导叶间隙间的压力过渡较为平稳,流动损失较少。试验结果证实该方法可为轴流泵的设计和性能改进提供参考。To investigate the flow field characteristics of a low specific speed axial flow pump under different flow conditions(Q/Qdes=0.9,1.0,1.1),the particle image velocimetry(PIV)technique is employed to measure the axial cross-sections of the pump at four locations:upstream of the impeller,inside the impeller,inside the guide vane,and downstream of the guide vane.And the pressure transducer is used to obtain the pressure distribution of the wall in the flow field of the pump.The results indicate that the velocity distribution upstream of the impeller shows consistent trends with axial acceleration along the axial direction under all three working conditions.A large velocity gradient is observed inside the impeller at different phases,displaying obvious acceleration near the hub along with concentrated high-speed regions.The velocity distribution inside the guide vane is similar,with more uniform high-speed regions and more stabilized flow under the design flow rate.The flow velocity downstream of the guide vane gradually increases in the mainstream direction,slowly accelerating at low flow rates and rapidly approaching the velocity in the mainstream region at high flow rates.As the flow rate increases,the pressure values at the monitoring points in the pump flow channel decrease.The main frequency of the pressure fluctuation is the blade passing frequency.And the pressure transition between the impeller and the guide vane gap is relatively smooth under the design flow rate with reduced flow losses.The experimental results can provide references for the design and performance optimization of the axial flow pump.

关 键 词：低比转速 轴流泵 粒子图像测速 流场 壁面压力 

分 类 号：TH312[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]