吐蕃野摩塘冲(■)地望新证  

New Evidences on the Geographical Location of the dByar-mo-thang vbrom in Tubo

作　　者：妥超群[1] TUO Chao-qun

机构地区：[1]兰州大学新闻与传播学院,兰州73000

出　　处：《中国藏学》2025年第1期95-105,215,216,共13页China Tibetology

摘　　要：野摩塘(■)是吐蕃时期的重要地名,前人对此地名的文献研究以及地理位置判定出现诸多失误。野摩塘研究的关键文献是敦煌藏文文献《德噶玉采寺祈愿文》,其中所载白兰国、德噶玉采寺等地名是解决野摩塘相关问题的重要线索。结合汉文文献重新考证可得野摩塘为吐蕃占领后对地名篡改的结果,其地名藏文原应写为“■”,即“女王滩”之义,其位置可考定为今四川甘孜州丹巴县中路乡。“白兰山”即今阿坝州马尔康市与理县间的界山鹧鸪山,其藏文原写为“■”,理县之“杂谷脑”等传统地名皆由此出。吐蕃与唐、回鹘举行会盟的德噶玉采寺位置在唐代当狗城,其位置在今黑水县芦花镇(■)。通过对基础史料的研究,野摩塘地区是控扼吐蕃中节度朵甘思与青海地区的重要通道。安史之乱以后,吐蕃在野摩塘设立了“野摩塘冲”管理多思麦地区,吐蕃中后期朵甘思德论也驻节于此地,故其地望在藏文史籍中声名显要。dByar-mo-thang is an important place name in the Tubo period.Many mistakes have occurred in previous studies of this place name in documents and in the determination of its geographical location.The key document for the study of dByar-mo-thang is the"Prayer Text of De-ga g.yul-tsal Monastery"in the Dunhuang Tibetan documents.Place names such as the Bailan Kingdom and De-ga g.yul-tsal Monastery recorded in it are important clues for solving the mystery of dByar-mo-thang.By re-verifying in combination with Chinese documents,it can be concluded that dByar-mo-thang is the result of the alteration of the place name after it was occupied by Tubo.The original Tibetan writing of this place name should be"rGyalmo-thang",which means"Queen's Beach",and its location can be determined as the Zhonglu Township,Danba County,Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province today."Bailan Mountain"is the present Zhegu Mountain,which is the boundary mountain between Maerkang City,Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Li County.Its original Tibetan writing is"vBrom khong",and traditional place names such as"Zagunao"in Li County all originated from this.The location of De-ga g.yul-tsal Monastery,where Tubo held alliances with the Tang Dynasty and the Uyghur Khaganate,was Danggou City in the Tang Dynasty,and its location is in the Luhua Town of Heishui County today.Through the study of basic historical materials,the dByar-mo-thang area is an important passage controlling the mDo-khaims region under the Middle Military Command of Tubo and the Qinghai region.After the An Lushan Rebellion,Tubo established the"dByar-mo-thang vBrom"in the dByar-mo-thang area to manage the mDo-smad region.In the middle and later periods of Tubo,the bDe-blon of mDo-khams also stationed here.Therefore,its geographical location is of great significance in Tibetan historical records.

关 键 词：吐蕃 野摩塘 白兰国 德噶玉采寺 地望 

分 类 号：K928.6[历史地理—人文地理学]