满文档案所见乾隆年间巴勒提与清朝政治关系  

Political Relations between Balti and the Qing Dynasty in the Qianlong Period as Reflected in Manchu Archives

作　　者：哈达 Hada

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国藏学》2025年第1期106-118,216,共14页China Tibetology

摘　　要：今天的巴尔蒂斯坦在满文档案中被称作“巴勒提”(Balti)。清朝平定大小和卓之乱,统辖天山南路后的乾隆二十五年(1760),巴勒提所属斯卡杜、希格尔、哈伯罗等河谷统治者分别遣使叶尔羌办事大臣处,请求通商贸易。与叶尔羌和西藏素有来往的巴勒提获得清朝通商准许后,双方使臣和书信往来一直持续到了乾隆三十九年(1774)。根据满文书信档案以及相关乌尔都文文献,双方政治关系可划分为清朝认知巴勒提的初始阶段、巴勒提试探清朝外交策略的过渡阶段,以及最终巴勒提为清朝贡献情报并形成平稳贸易关系等三个阶段。巴勒提与清朝书信来往不仅为维护边疆安定和双方贸易奠定了基础,也促进了清朝与中亚之间的文化与物质交流。The region known today as Baltistan was referred to as"Balti"in Manchu archives.In the 25th year of the Qianlong reign(1760),following the Qing Dynasty's suppression of the Dzungar and Khoja Rebellion and its establishment of control over southern Xinjiang,rulers of the Skardu,Shigar,and Haplu valleys in Balti dispatched envoys to the Yarkand Minister to request trade privileges.With prior ties to Yarkand and Xizang,Balti obtained Qing approval for commerce,leading to sustained diplomatic exchanges and correspondence until the 39th year of Qianlong(1774).Based on Manchu correspondence archives and relevant Urdu-language documents,the political relations between the two sides can be divided into three phases:the Qing's initial recognition of Balti,Balti's tentative exploration of Qing diplomatic strategies,and the eventual stabilization of trade relations marked by Balti providing intelligence to the Qing.These exchanges not only laid the foundation for border stability and bilateral trade but also fostered cultural and material exchanges between the Qing Dynasty and Central Asia.

关 键 词：巴勒提 清朝 满文档案 政治关系 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学]