敦煌古藏文写本《吐蕃善知识传承名录》文献价值新探  

New Exploration of the Historical Value of the Dunhuang Old Tibetan Manuscript List of Lineages of Tibetan Buddhist Masters in the Tubo Period

作　　者：拉毛东知 Lha-mo Don-grub

机构地区：[1]西藏大学文学院,拉萨850000

出　　处：《中国藏学》2025年第1期119-128,216,217,共12页China Tibetology

基　　金：西藏大学2024年度博士研究生高水平人才培养计划项目“敦煌古藏文写本《吐蕃善知识传承名录》文献价值新探”(项目编号:2022-GSP-B018)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：IOL Tib J 689Ⅲ号《吐蕃善知识传承名录》包含的历史信息较多,涉及吐蕃时期及后一个时期的佛教、人物、地名、地理、文化交融等领域,颇有史料价值。文章首先对写本原文进行了抄录,对该文献记载的历史人物、地名作了简要注释。其次,通过考释“善知识(■)”一词渊源,探讨了它与吐蕃僧官制度的关联。运用文献比较方法,指出《吐蕃善知识传承名录》是关于吐蕃佛教师徒传承方面最早的藏文文献之一,对藏传佛教戒律师承脉络也产生了深刻影响,能与个别非常重要的后弘期史籍起到互补作用。最后,认为《吐蕃善知识传承名录》列举了8世纪末到10世纪初,与古印度堪布寂护(■)等地区的26名善知识之传承名录,其总体结构呈现出一定的藏族传统地理概念,其中所出现的历史人物由若干个民族组成,来自不同地域,可以说在佛教本土化暨中国化路线视阈下对多民族文化交流互鉴具有参考价值。The List of Lineages of Tibetan Buddhist Masters in the Tubo Period(IOL Tib J689Ⅲ)contains rich historical information spanning Buddhism,figures,place names,geography,and cultural interactions during and after the Tubo period,making it a valuable source for historical research.This paper first transcribes the original text of the manuscript and provides brief annotations for historical figures and place names recorded therein.Second,through textual analysis of the term"spiritual master"(bla mchog),it explores its connection to the Tubo Buddhist monastic official system.Using comparative literature methods,the paper identifies this list as one of the earliest Tibetan texts on Buddhist master-disciple lineages,noting its profound influence on the transmission of Vinaya precepts in Tibetan Buddhism and its complementary role to key historical records of the later dissemination period of Tibetan Buddhism.Finally,the paper highlights that the list enumerates 26 spiritual masters associated with Santaraksita,an 8th-century Indian abbot,across monasteries such as the Jokhang and bSam-yas in dBus-gTsang region,as well as regions like mDo-khams,Kuozhou,and Ganzhou in Hexi,spanning from the late 8th to early 1oth centuries.Its structure reflects traditional Tibetan geographical concepts,while the historical figures represent diverse ethnic and regional backgrounds,offering insights into multi-ethnic cultural exchanges under the framework of localization and development of Buddhism in the Chinese context.

关 键 词：敦煌古藏文文献 IOL Tib J 689Ⅲ 《吐蕃善知识传承名录》 文献价值 

分 类 号：G256.1[文化科学—图书馆学]