乡村振兴背景下西藏村集体经济运营现状与发展问题研究  

Research on the Current Operation Status and Development Issues of Village Collective Economies in Xizang under the Background of Rural Revitalization

作　　者：王亚男[1] 廖承志 周小兰 WANG Ya-nan;LIAO Cheng-zhi;ZHOU Xiao-lan

机构地区：[1]西藏大学经济与管理学院,拉萨850000 [2]中国农业银行西藏分行信用管理部 [3]中国农业银行西藏分行风险管理部政策制度部 [4]西藏自治区教育科学研究院

出　　处：《中国藏学》2025年第1期154-165,218,219,共14页China Tibetology

基　　金：西藏大学青年科研培育基金项目“巩固脱贫成效视域下建立解决相对贫困长效机制研究——以西藏为例”(项目编号:ZDCZJH-20-07)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：产业振兴是乡村振兴的必由之路,是巩固脱贫成效的根本之策。文章以西藏自治区七地市242家村集体经济为例,重点分析了西藏自治区村集体经济在行业分布、产业集聚及盈利状况等方面的特点,指出西藏自治区村集体经济行业分布符合有关贫困地区发展特色产业的要求,其中建筑业、种植业竞争较为激烈,农产品加工业、批发零售业及家具制造业市场竞争小。不同行业的营业净利率并无显著差异,但旅游业盈利能力相对较强,交通运输业盈利能力较差。基于24次半结构化访谈进行质性研究,借助扎根理论模型,归纳总结了西藏自治区村集体经济面临的个体、基层管理、审批管理、运营管理等困境,据此提出积极开展教育引导、加强基层队伍建设、大力扶持乡村产业等对策建议,以期弥补西藏乡村产业研究不足,助力西藏乡村产业发展,为巩固脱贫攻坚成果、推动乡村振兴贡献西藏智慧。Industrial revitalization is the only wayto rural revitalization and the fundamental strategy to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation.Taking 242 village collective economies in the seven cities and prefectures of the Xizang Autonomous Region as examples,this article focuses on analyzing the characteristics of the village collective economies in terms of industry distribution,industrial agglomeration,and profitability.It points out that the industry distribution of village collective economies in the Xizang Autonomous Region meets the requirements for developing characteristic industries in poverty-stricken areas.Among them,the construction and building materials industry and the planting industry face relatively fierce competition,while the agricultural product processing industry,the wholesale and retail industry,and the furniture manufacturing industry have less market competition.There is no significant difference in the net operating profit margin among different industries,but the tourism industry has relatively strong profitability,and the transportation industry has relatively poor profitability.Based on 24 semi-structured interviews,a qualitative study is carried out,and a theoretical model is constructed with the help of the grounded theory.The difficulties faced by the village collective economies in the Xizang Autonomous Region in terms of individuals,grassroots management,approval management and operation management are summarized.Accordingly,countermeasures and suggestions such as actively carrying out education and guidance,strengthening the construction of grassroots teams,and vigorously supporting rural industries are put forward.It is hoped that these measures can make up for the deficiencies in the research on rural industries in Xizang,help the development of rural industries in Xizang,and contribute the wisdom of Xizang to consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and promoting rural revitalization.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 产业扶贫 村集体经济 西藏 

分 类 号：F321.4[经济管理—产业经济]