附子化学成分与炮制工艺研究进展  

Research progress in chemical constituents and processing methods of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata

作　　者：胡家豪 李文儒 时庆欣 宋成武 HU Jia-hao;LI Wen-ru;SHI Qing-xin;SONG Cheng-wu(School of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北中医药大学药学院,湖北武汉430065

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2025年第6期1458-1470,共13页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金项目(2023AFD151)。

摘　　要：该研究旨在通过探讨附子的主要化学成分及其相关减毒机制来研究炮制工艺。检索1960—2024年多个数据库,以归纳附子的化学成分与炮制工艺减毒机制。研究发现,在附子主要化学成分方面,双酯型生物碱有32个、单酯型生物碱有36个、醇胺型生物碱有43个、脂型生物碱有8个,同时也开展了对水溶性生物碱等其他化学成分的研究,并归纳了相关药理活性。炮制工艺的减毒机制涵盖成分流失、水解、酯交换、离子对作用等。从传统到现代的附子炮制工艺发展过程中,操作不断简化,有效成分保留量增多,附子炮制品的药效得以提升,更适合工业化生产。然而,现有的附子炮制工艺无法完全解决减毒时可能出现的药效降低问题,可尝试挖掘更多减毒机制,探索附子脂型生物碱,有望在保留药效的同时降低其毒性。This article aims to study the processing methods by exploring the main chemical constituents of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and the toxicity-attenuating mechanisms.The relevant articles were retrieved from multiple databases with the time interval of 19602024,and the chemical constituents of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and the toxicity-attenuating mechanisms of its processing methods were summarized.The review revealed that the chemical constituents of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata included 32 diester-type alkaloids,36 monoester-type alkaloids,43 alkanolamine-type alkaloids,and 8 lipid-type alkaloids.At the same time,other chemical constituents such as water-soluble alkaloids were also studied,and their pharmacological activities were summarized.The toxicity-attenuating mechanisms of the processing methods included constituent loss,hydrolysis,ester exchange,and ion-pair action.The processing methods of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata have developed from being traditional to modern,with simplified operation and increased retention amounts of active constituents,which have improved the efficacy of processed Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata products and have facilitated the industrial production.However,the existing processing methods of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata cannot completely solve the problem of possible reduction in efficacy during toxicity attenuation.More toxicity-attenuating mechanisms and lipid-type alkaloids of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata should be explored,which is expected to reduce its toxicity while retaining its efficacy.

关 键 词：附子 炮制 双酯型生物碱 单酯型生物碱 脂型生物碱 减毒机制 

分 类 号：R283[医药卫生—中药学]