反刍思维对社交焦虑的影响:消极自我信念的作用  

The effects of rumination on social anxiety:The role of negative self-beliefs

作　　者：耿莉 冯秋阳 李彧 邱江 GENG Li;FENG Qiuyang;LI Yu;QIU Jiang(Faculty of Psychology,Southwest University,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality,Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理学报》2025年第5期792-804,I0001,I0002,共15页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(22VRC191)资助。

摘　　要：反刍思维如何通过影响消极自我信念进一步影响社交焦虑,是当前社交焦虑认知模型中尚待深入探讨的关键问题。基于此,本研究通过两个实验系统考察了反刍思维、消极自我信念和社交焦虑之间的作用机制。实验1采用状态诱导任务,观察反刍思维过后消极自我信念和社交焦虑水平的变化。结果发现,反刍思维通过延缓消极自我信念的消退来维持较高的社交焦虑水平。实验2通过收集被试的社交焦虑自传体回忆和相关信念,尝试通过认知重评的手段干预消极自我信念,并观察其在不同心理状态下对社交焦虑的影响。结果发现,在反刍状态下干预消极自我信念能够有效缓解社交焦虑。总体而言,本研究揭示了消极自我信念在反刍思维影响社交焦虑中的作用机制,进一步拓展了社交焦虑的认知模型,对于社交焦虑的干预和改善提供了有效的理论依据和实证支持。People sometimes recall social interactions,speculating on others'evaluations and opinions of themselves.When such thinking exceeds normal limits or is persistently accompanied by negative emotions,it becomes distressing,manifesting as rumination.Cognitive theories of social anxiety identify rumination as a pivotal factor in its onset and maintenance.Individuals engaged in rumination often form negative and pessimistic evaluations about themselves,with cognitive elements playing a crucial role.Sometimes,people develop distorted,counterfactual beliefs about themselves and others,termed negative self-beliefs,which are a type of adverse cognition and a core feature of social anxiety.Although the relationships among rumination,social anxiety,and negative self-beliefs have been theoretically discussed,empirical studies confirming their interaction mechanisms are lacking.Thus,the purpose of this study is to explore the significant role of negative self-beliefs in the relationship between rumination and social anxiety.The study conducted two experiments designed to provoke social anxiety and prompt participants to engage in state rumination,with the aim of monitoring and analyzing their subsequent emotional responses.Experiment 1 included 83 participants(26 males,57 females;mean age 21.05±2.15 years).The participants first underwent baseline measurements,followed by a 3-minute timed speech task to induce social anxiety.After this task,the participants were randomly divided into two groups to engage in either rumination or distraction imaging,with changes in negative self-beliefs and levels of social anxiety recorded before and after the tasks.Experiment 2 involved 51 participants(20 males,31 females;mean age 20.14±1.76 years).The experiment was conducted over two lab visits.In the first visit,the participants learned about and mastered the concepts of social anxiety and negative self-beliefs,recalled,and wrote down four previous social anxiety events and the negative self-beliefs associated with each event.During the

关 键 词：社交焦虑 反刍思维 消极自我信念 社交焦虑认知模型 认知重评 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学] B842[医药卫生—医学心理学]