失调有“度”:区分度影响群体认同的阈值效应及心理机制  

Threshold effects of distinctiveness:Psychological mechanisms underlying group identity

作　　者：柯文琳 温芳芳[1] 佐斌 KE Wenlin;WEN Fangfang;ZUO Bin(School of Psychology,Research Center of Social Psychology,Central China Normal University,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430079,China;Department of Psychology,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学心理学院·社会心理研究中心,青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室,人的发展与心理健康湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]中山大学心理学系,广州510006

出　　处：《心理学报》2025年第5期820-837,共18页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271128;32471125)和国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA331)资助。

摘　　要：如何在自我与群体之间找到平衡,是人类社会生活的核心问题。基于群体间比较的背景,最优区分理论提出了区分度影响群体认同的“倒U型”曲线假设,但仍不明晰个体如何在群体内背景下对自我和群体进行平衡。研究通过3个实验在不同的区分层次和群体属性下系统探索了自我区分群体的程度对群体认同的影响模式。研究发现,总体上区分度对群体认同产生“倒S型”的非线性消极影响,在中等水平存在使群体认同下降速度最高的区分阈值,一旦区分度增长至超过该阈值,个体表现出“不认同群体”(实验1)。区分层次和区分属性对该阈值具有调节作用(实验1、实验2和实验3)。此外,群体认知失调起中介作用,其中区分度正向预测群体认知失调,而群体认知失调则负向预测群体认同(实验3)。研究发现的区分阈值不仅有助于个体维持心理边界,也为组织管理和社会和谐提供了有效的预警信号。Our understanding of the self encompasses personal and social identities linked to the groups individuals belong.The way individuals navigate differences between themselves and others along with how this balance influences their identification with the group,have been a central question in the study of human social behavior.Previous studies have treated group assimilation and individual differentiation as separate aspects,yielding conflicting results.In contrast,Brewer's(1991)Optimal Distinctiveness Model defines distinctiveness as the degree to which an individual’s characteristics deviate from group norms,considering personal characteristics on a continuum(e.g.,traits,abilities,and physical features).The Optimal Distinctiveness Model in the intergroup context proposes an inversely parabolic relationship between distinctiveness and group identity based on a continuum perspective.However,the influence of distinctiveness on group identity and the specific distinctiveness thresholds in intragroup contexts remain unclear.Building on this,our study systematically explores the impact of distinctiveness on group identity across hierarchical levels and group attributes using a continuum perspective.The study comprised three experiments.In Experiment 1,a baseline-level forced-choice task was employed to examine the effect patterns of the two hierarchical levels of distinctiveness on group identity.The independent variable,distinctiveness,ranged from 0 to 1 across 11 degrees,whereas the dependent variable was the dichotomous selection of group identity by participants at various distinctiveness levels.Two hierarchical levels were included to compare differences between self and group means,with the group's variability presented in dual experiment blocks,assuming a lower threshold for comparing levels with the group mean.Building on Experiment 1,Experiment 2 investigated the moderating role of specific group attributes maintaining the core experimental design while incorporating assessment protocols for surface-and deep-

关 键 词：群体认同 最优区分理论 群体认知失调 群体属性 阈值效应 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]