人们更同情流浪动物还是流浪汉?基于责任归因视角的解释  

Are we more empathetic towards stray animals or homeless individuals?An attributional responsibility approach

作　　者：纪婷婷 王嘉 丁毅 JI Tingting;WANG Jia;DING Yi(School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097

出　　处：《心理学报》2025年第5期838-859,共22页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(19CSH053,24CSH117);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20220374);江苏省社科基金青年项目(23SHC012)资助。

摘　　要：人们不仅会对人类的不幸遭遇感同身受,也会对动物的伤害担忧不已。基于责任归因的视角,3个递进实验(共6个子实验)比较了人们对流浪汉和流浪动物的共情反应差异及其心理机制,并进一步探讨了这一差异的边界条件和下游影响。结果发现:相对于流浪动物,人们对流流浪汉有更多的责任内归因倾向(实验1~3),进而导致了人们对他们有更少的共情反应(实验1~3)和救助意愿与行为(实验2~3)。然而,对于高社会支配倾向个体,这一效应有所降低(实验2a~2c)。研究结果有助于更深入地理解人们对动物和人类共情反应的差异,并对动物和弱势人类的福利与救助提供启示。Empathy towards humans and animals varies significantly in societal contexts.While homeless individuals face severe survival challenges and social exclusion,public attitudes towards them are generally more negative compared to stray animals,who often receive greater attention,sympathy,and shelter.This research examines potential differences and mechanisms in empathetic responses towards stray animals and homeless individuals,within the framework of responsibility attribution.We hypothesize that participants are more likely to attribute internal responsibility to homeless people for their misfortunes than to stray animals,leading to lower empathetic responses toward homeless people.Furthermore,we propose that this effect is moderated by social dominance orientation(SDO).Specifically,individuals with high SDO are expected to perceive both targets(i.e.,stray animals or homeless individuals)similarly,showing smaller differences in empathy and responsibility attribution toward homeless people and stray animals.Three experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses.Across all experiments,participants read news articles to manipulate the harsh living conditions or unfortunate events experienced by different empathy targets.Experiment 1 employed a within-subjects design(N=296),where participants read articles describing the living conditions of stray animals and homeless individuals and subsequently reported their internal responsibility attributions and empathy responses.The results indicated that participants showed lower empathy responses toward homeless individuals compared to stray animals,and this difference was mediated by greater internal attributions of responsibility to homeless individuals.Experiment 2 used a between-subjects design to replicate these findings among members of an animal protection group(N=208,Experiment 2a)and general population samples(Ns=217 and 300,Experiments 2b and 2c),demonstrating the robustness of the results.Furthermore,Experiment 2 revealed a moderating role of SDO,showing that indi

关 键 词：共情反应 人类−动物共情 责任归因 社会支配倾向 救助意愿 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]