人工智能技术在结构性心脏病诊治和预后评估中的应用研究进展  

Research progress on application of AI-assisted technology in diagnosis,treatment and prognosis assessment of structural heart disease

作　　者：李昀遥 黄兵[1] LI Yunyao;HUANG Bing(Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430060,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院心血管内科、武汉大学心血管病研究所、心血管病湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430060

出　　处：《山东医药》2025年第4期136-140,共5页Shandong Medical Journal

摘　　要：结构性心脏病(SHD)是一类由心脏结构异常引起的心脏疾病,随着社会老龄化和生活方式的改变,其发病率呈逐年上升趋势。传统诊疗方法依赖于影像学检查和临床经验,存在诊断准确性不足、治疗方案个性化程度低等不足。近年来,人工智能(AI)技术快速发展,为SHD的诊疗带来了革命性突破。AI技术基于机器学习(ML)、深度学习(DL)和计算机视觉等核心技术,能够高效处理和分析复杂的医疗数据。在SHD领域,AI技术正在逐步改变传统的诊疗模式。在诊断方面,AI技术通过DL算法对超声心动图进行自动化分析,能够发现传统诊断方法可能忽视的细微病变,提前预测病情发展,显著提高了诊断效率和准确性;AI技术辅助听诊设备的诊断准确性已经可以与资深的心脏病专家相媲美,但还有待于临床上大样本量的应用测试;此外,人工智能心电图在SHD的诊断和高危人群预测中也展现了较大的应用价值。在治疗方面,AI技术为个性化治疗方案的制定提供了强大支持;AI技术能够根据患者的影像数据、临床病史和基因组信息,预测不同治疗方案的效果,并推荐最优治疗策略;AI技术辅助的实时手术导航系统能够为医生提供精准的操作指导,进一步提高手术成功率。在预后评估方面,AI技术通过构建风险预测模型,能够准确评估患者的术后恢复情况和长期预后;基于ML的算法可以分析患者的临床数据,预测术后并发症风险,并为个性化康复方案的制定提供依据。尽管AI技术在SHD诊治中的应用仍处于探索阶段,但其展现出的潜力已不容忽视。未来,随着技术的不断成熟和临床数据的积累,AI技术有望在SHD的精准诊断、个性化治疗和预后管理方面发挥更大的作用,推动心血管疾病诊疗模式的全面革新。Structural heart disease(SHD)is a kind of heart disease caused by abnormal heart structure.With the ag-ing of society and the change of life style,the incidence of SHD is increasing year by year.Traditional diagnosis and treat-ment methods rely on imaging examination and clinical experience,and there are deficiencies in diagnostic accuracy and low degree of personalized treatment.In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted technol-ogy has brought revolutionary breakthroughs for the diagnosis and treatment of SHD.AI-assisted technologies are based on core technologies such as machine learning(ML),deep learning(DL),and computer vision to efficiently process and ana-lyze complex medical data.In the field of SHD,AI is gradually changing the traditional diagnosis and treatment model.In terms of diagnosis,AI performs automated analysis of echocardiograms through the DL algorithm,significantly improving diagnostic efficiency and accuracy.Through in-depth analysis of echocardiogram data,AI can find subtle lesions that may be overlooked by traditional diagnostic methods,predict the development of the disease in advance,and provide more ac-curate decision support for clinicians.The diagnostic accuracy of AI-assisted auscultation equipment has been comparable to that of senior cardiologists,but it has yet to be tested in clinical application with a large sample size.In addition,AI electrocardiogram has also shown great application value in the diagnosis of SHD and the prediction of high-risk groups.In terms of treatment,AI provides strong support for the development of personalized treatment plans;based on the patients'imaging data,clinical history and genomic information,AI can predict the effects of different treatment options and recom-mend the best treatment strategy;Ai-assisted real-time surgical navigation system can provide doctors with accurate opera-tional guidance and further improve the success rate of surgery.In terms of prognosis assessment,AI can accurately evalu-ate the posto

关 键 词：人工智能技术 机器学习 深度学习 结构性心脏病 心脏疾病 

分 类 号：R541[医药卫生—心血管疾病]