硬脆材料激光高精切削成型关键技术(特邀)  

Key Technology of Laser High⁃Precision Cutting and Shaping of Hard and Brittle Materials(Invited)

作　　者：季凌飞[1,2,3] 张森 林真源[1,2,3] 范金帅 张文泷 姚天然 杨建业 Ji Lingfei;Zhang Sen;Lin Zhenyuan;Fan Jinshuai;Zhang Wenlong;Yao Tianran;Yang Jianye(Institute of Laser Engineering,School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Key Laboratory of Trans-scale Laser Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Applied Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学物理与光电工程学院激光工程研究院,北京100124 [2]北京工业大学跨尺度激光成型制造技术教育部重点实验室,北京100124 [3]北京市激光应用技术工程技术研究中心,北京100124

出　　处：《光学学报》2025年第2期1-12,共12页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51975013,51275011);北京市教委重点科研项目(KZ202110005012);北京市自然科学基金-海淀联合基金重点项目(L222011)。

摘　　要：硬脆材料具有出色的机械、光学和化学性能,对硬脆材料高效和高几何精度的加工需求推动着现代加工技术的不断更新迭代。激光切削具有高自由度、高精度和非接触式的加工优势,在硬脆材料及其复杂结构的高精切削成型中发挥着越来越重要的作用。综述了硬脆材料激光高精切削成型关键技术的研究和进展,以激光与物质相互作用机理为基础,重点介绍了应用于硬脆材料大厚度/大长径比的激光无损伤切削技术、硬脆材料多维构件的激光高精切削成型技术及硬脆材料的激光复合切削成型技术,并对该领域发展所面临的挑战和前景进行了探讨。Significance Hard and brittle materials possess excellent mechanical,optical,and chemical properties.However,the demand for efficient and high-precision processing drives continuous innovation in modern processing technologies.Laser processing plays an increasingly important role in high-precision cutting and shaping of these materials due to its high flexibility,precision,and non-contact nature.In this study,we overview the current research and progress on the key technologies of laser high-precision cutting and shaping of hard and brittle materials,particularly focusing on applications involving large thickness/large length ratio,multi-dimensional components,and composite cutting and forming.In addition,we discuss the challenges and prospects of this technology,aiming to provide theoretical guidance and a technical foundation for the advancement of related industries.Progress We first discuss the fundamental interaction between lasers and brittle materials.We elaborate on the laser processing of large thickness brittle materials,high-precision cutting of multi-dimensional components,and composite cutting and forming technologies.Besides,we analyze the technical principles,advantages,and application examples of these technologies,which lays a solid foundation for innovations in laser cutting of hard and brittle materials.For the laser cutting of materials with large thickness or a high length-to-diameter ratio,methods such as non-destructive close piercing,multi-focal distribution spherical aberration correction,Bessel beam modulation,and laser filamentation have been successfully applied to address issues like heat accumulation,beam aberration,and energy loss.These methods enable high-precision cutting of thick,hard,and brittle materials,including the machining of complex structures that are challenging for traditional methods.In multi-dimensional structure cutting,the application of computer numerical control(CNC)technology enables precise multi-dimensional laser cutting and structuring.The closed-loop feedbac

关 键 词：激光切削 硬脆材料 高精加工 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]