基于里德堡原子非共振调频的微波电场测量  

Microwave Electric Field Measurement Based on Rydberg Atom Off-Resonant Frequency Modulation

作　　者：马荧苹 冯志刚[2] 王健 宋振飞[2] 屈继峰[2] Ma Yingping;Feng Zhigang;Wang Jian;Song Zhenfei;Qu Jifeng(College of Information Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,Liaoning,China;Center for Advanced Metrology Science,National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳化工大学信息工程学院,辽宁沈阳110142 [2]中国计量科学研究院前沿计量科学中心,北京100029

出　　处：《光学学报》2025年第2期195-201,共7页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0603704)。

摘　　要：针对离散里德堡能级导致的离散频点、窄带宽微波电场测量的技术瓶颈,将非共振的强调谐微波场和被测微波场通过同一微波喇叭天线同时作用于原子气室,利用非共振的强微波场对里德堡能级的交流(AC)斯塔克频移特性,实现了73S_(1/2)到72P_(1/2)、72P_(3/2)、73P_(1/2)和73P_(3/2)里德堡态的耦合微波共振频率范围测量,详细研究了调谐场频率、功率对被测微波场共振频点的影响,使被测微波场共振频点的单向最大频率调谐范围达到151 MHz,结合双向调谐特性和不同耦合态组合,频率最大连续调谐范围达到400 MHz。最后,研究了不同共振频率条件下Autler-Townes分裂频率间隔随微波功率的变化。该研究为基于里德堡原子的微波电场量子计量和量值传递提供了重要支撑。Objective As the reform of the International System of Units(SI)progresses,many quantum metrology standards based on the superior characteristics of the atomic system have been successfully developed to replace physical standards,such as atomic clocks,atomic magnetometers,and atomic gravimeters.Recently,a new method of microwave electric field measurement with a wide frequency band and high sensitivity has been developed based on the quantum coherent spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms.Compared with conventional techniques,the Rydberg-atom-based microwave electric field measurement technique can transform the microwave field strength measurement into a higher-accuracy Rabi frequency measurement through atomic constants and directly link the microwave electric field strength to the SI.However,the discrete distribution of Rydberg energy levels leads to the limitations of discrete frequencies and narrow bandwidths in microwave electric field measurement.Although various methods for continuously tuning the frequency of the microwave field have been developed,such as resonant microwave tuning,far-detuned microwave AC Stark tuning,and DC Stark tuning,these methods often involve complex experimental setups and rely on discrete energy levels.Therefore,we use an off-resonant strong microwave field to measure the continuous tuning frequency range of the measured microwave electric fields through the AC Stark shift characteristics of Rydberg energy levels.Methods We conduct continuously tunable frequency measurements of the microwave electric field based on the near-offresonant AC Stark effect in a rubidium atomic vapor cell.A ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)three-level configuration is formed by a ground state,5S_(1/2),an excited state,5P_(3/2)(F'=3),and a Rydberg state,73S_(1/2).The probe laser and the coupling laser with the same linear polarization are overlapped and counter-propagated through the vapor cell.The weak probe laser with a wavelength of 780 nm is locked to the transition of 5S_(1/2)(F=2)�

关 键 词：里德堡原子 微波电场 电磁感应透明 Autler-Townes分裂 AC斯塔克 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]