信息网络犯罪账户资金推定规则适用研究  

Study on the Application of the Rule of Presumption of Funds in Information Network Crime Accounts

作　　者：谢小剑[1] 郭振楠 Xie Xiao-jian;Guo Zhen-nan(Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330032,China)

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学法学院,江西南昌330032

出　　处：《江西财经大学学报》2025年第2期111-122,共12页Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：江西省宣传思想文化领域高层次人才专题项目“信息网络犯罪账户资金推定规则适用研究”(24ZXRC04);江西省研究生创新专项资金项目“网络犯罪证明的实践难题及优化路径”(YC2023-B192)。

摘　　要：信息网络犯罪中犯罪数额能够表明犯罪的社会危害程度,其罪量认定存在证明困难。账户资金推定规则是基于账户用途建立在基础事实上作出的可反驳的推定,发挥了提效减负、控制犯罪、正当可行三重功效,既保证结论的可靠性,也契合现实需要。然而不合理的推定也会给账户资金安全带来危害,影响市场交易安全。当前,账户资金推定规则设置的基础事实宽泛,“可以”模式可能造成裁量权滥用,“合理说明”引发证明责任分配的讨论,被告人抗辩成功率偏低且推定过程未得到充分论证。为确保账户资金推定规则被恰当适用,推进其独立价值的实现,应当厘清账户资金推定规则的性质,加强对“可以”模式的规制,明确基础事实的适用前提和条件。检察机关应举证说明涉案账户的非法用途并科学设置适用区间,承担所有待证事实的证明责任。同时,明确被告人的疑点提出责任,注重推定过程,强化程序保障以及坚持排除合理怀疑的心证程度与证明标准。The amount of the crime in information network crimes can indicate the degree of social harm caused by the crime,and there are difficulties in proving the amount of the crime.The rule of presumption of account funds is a rebuttable presumption based on the fact that the use of the account is established on the basis of the facts,which plays a triple role of simplifying the proof,controlling the crime and justifying the feasibility of the crime,not only ensuring the reliability of the conclusion,but also meeting the needs of reality.However,unreasonable presumptions may also jeopardize the safety of account funds and affect the security of market transactions.Currently,the presumption of account funds is based on a broad set of facts,the“may”mode may cause abuse of discretion,the“reasonable explanation”triggers the discussion of the distribution of the burden of proof,the defendant's defense has a low rate of success and the presumption process is not fully justified.In order to ensure the proper application of the presumptive rule of account funds and to promote the realization of its independent value,the nature of the presumptive rule of account funds should be clarified,the regulation of the“may”mode should be strengthened,and the prerequisites and conditions for the application of the basic facts should be clarified.Procuratorial organs should provide evidence of the illegal use of the account in question and scientifically set the applicable range,assuming the burden of proving all the facts to be proved.At the same time,it should clarify the defendant's responsibility to raise doubts,focus on the presumption process,strengthen procedural safeguards and insist on the degree of proof and standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt.

关 键 词：信息网络犯罪 账户资金推定 犯罪数额 定罪量刑 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]