论董事对公司债权人信义责任的理性适用  

On the Rational Application of Directors'Fiduciary Duties to Company Creditors

作　　者：王东光[1] 孙博 Wang Dong-guang;Sun Bo(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学经济法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《江西财经大学学报》2025年第2期123-136,共14页Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“金融消费者保护法的规范体系研究”(24BFX072)。

摘　　要：《公司法》修订引进了董事对第三人责任,董事对公司债权人的信义责任是董事对第三人责任的重要形式。信托基金理论是董事对公司债权人承担信义责任的理论基础。信托基金理论由实践发展逐渐完善,其能够为划定董事对公司债权人承担信义责任的时间范围、明确责任承担所需满足的行为要件、确定公司债权人向董事主张信义责任的救济路径提供理论遵循。董事对公司债权人的信义责任是董事对公司信义责任的有限延伸。在现有法律制度下,只有当表示公司陷入财务困境的《破产法》第2条所规定的情形发生,且董事存在《破产法》第125条所规定的违法行为时,公司债权人才能够根据《公司法》第191条通过派生诉讼向董事主张信义责任,董事需要向公司而非直接向债权人承担赔偿责任。公司所得财产赔偿具体如何用于清偿公司债务,需要根据公司所处状态究竟是破产状态还是非破产状态进行区分化判断。The amendment to the Companies Law introduces directors“liability to third parties”,and directors'fiduciary liability to company creditors is an important form of directors'liability to third parties.The trust fund theory is the theoretical basis for directors'fiduciary duties to company creditors.The trust fund theory has been gradually improved through the development of practice,which can provide theoretical guidelines for delineating the time scope of directors'fiduciary duty to company creditors,clarifying the behavioural elements to be satisfied for the assumption of responsibility,and determining the remedial path for company creditors to claim fiduciary duty from directors.Directors'fiduciary duty to company creditors is a limited extension of directors'fiduciary duty to the company.Under the existing legal system,only when the circumstances stipulated in Article 2 of the Bankruptcy Law,which indicate that the company is in financial difficulties,occur,and the director has the illegal behaviour stipulated in Article 125 of the Bankruptcy Law,the company's creditors are able to claim fiduciary duty to the director through derivative action according to Article 191 of the Company Law,and the director is required to bear the compensation responsibility to the company rather than to the creditors directly.How the compensation of the company's property will be used to satisfy the company's debts will need to be differentiated according to whether the company is insolvent or non-insolvent.

关 键 词：董事对第三人责任 信义义务 派生诉讼 债权人保护 信托基金理论 

分 类 号：D922[政治法律—法学]