面对“他者”——儒家知论在哲学咨询中的应用  

Facing"the Other":The Application of Confucian Epistemology in Philosophical Counseling

作　　者：杨超 曾振宇 李俊程 Yang Chao;Zeng Zhenyu;Li Juncheng(Advanced Institute for Confucian Studies,Shandong University Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院

出　　处：《科学.经济.社会》2025年第1期12-25,共14页Science Economy Society

摘　　要：哲学咨询作为咨询师与来访者的交往活动,包含“自我”与“他者”的双重图像。在咨询活动中,“他者”不仅具有隐秘一面,且咨询师对“他者”永远处在观察描述、探询倾听以还原他人本身的过程之中。儒家在使人知我、使我知人的两重向度之外,隐含着自知的关键性指向。儒家知论通过“使我知人”和“使人知我”的活动,认识到了主体间性中的“他者”问题,但是并不致力于解决此问题,而是通过咨询活动使得双方达到“自知”的状态和结果。咨询的对话活动由此起到了促使双方更好地了解自己、认识自己的效果。与苏格拉底“认识你自己”的理念一致,儒家知论最重要的层面即“自知”Philosophical counseling,as an interactive process between the counselor and the client,involves a dual representation of the"self and the"other".In the counseling process,the"other"not only has a hidden dimension but also remains subject to the counselor's continuous effort of observation,description,and inquiry to reveal the other's true nature.Beyond the dual perspectives of"knowing the self"and"knowing others",Confucian epistemology implicitly points to the critical notion of self-awareness.Through the activities of"knowing others"and"making oneself known to others",Confucian epistemology recognizes the issue of the"other"in intersubjectivity,though it does not aim to resolve this issue.Instead,it focuses on helping both parties reach a state of"self-awareness"through the counseling process.Thus,the dialogical nature of counseling serves to enhance mutual self-understanding and self-recognition.In alignment with Socrates'principle of"know thyself',the most significant aspect of Confucian epistemology is"self-awareness".

关 键 词：哲学咨询 他者 儒家知论 自知 哲学践行 

分 类 号：B152[哲学宗教—世界哲学]