2023—2024年流感季北京市大兴区6~<60月龄儿童流感疫苗接种率及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of influenza vaccination rates and influencing factors among children aged 6 to<60 months in Daxing district,Beijing,during the 2023-2024 influenza season

作　　者：李冬梅[1] 张霁颖[1] 史倩萍 赵晓琳 陈丽岩[1] 刘晓颖 吕敏[2] LI Dongmei;ZHANG Jiying;SHI Qianping;ZHAO Xiaolin;CHEN Liyan;LIU Xiaoying;LU Min(Daring Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102600,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京市大兴区疾病预防控制中心,北京102600 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心免疫预防所,北京100013

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2025年第1期66-72,共7页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项项目(首发2022-2G-3017)。

摘　　要：目的了解2023—2024年流行性感冒(流感)季北京市大兴区6~<60月龄儿童流感疫苗接种率,分析其影响因素,为提高儿童流感疫苗接种率提供改进措施。方法采用二阶段分层抽样方法,在北京市大兴区随机选取19家基层医疗机构,后采用方便抽样方法在基层医疗机构中选取888名6~<60月龄儿童看护者填写调查问卷,问卷内容主要包括儿童及家庭的人口和社会学特征;看护者流感知识知晓及接种意愿情况;流感疫苗知识的来源;接种及未接种疫苗原因等内容,并分析流感疫苗接种率及影响因素。其中疫苗接种率及接种意愿影响因素通过χ^(2)检验分析,多因素分析采用logistic回归方程分析。结果2023—2024年流感季研究对象流感疫苗接种率为28.3%(251/888)。单因素χ^(2)检验结果显示:儿童月龄、是否入托、儿童2022年流感病史、流感疫苗接种史、新型冠状病毒感染病史、看护者文化程度、看护者今年接种流感疫苗是影响6~<60月龄儿童流感疫苗接种率的可能因素;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:36~<60月龄儿童接种率(41.6%)高于6~35月龄儿童接种率(21.7%,OR=2.649,95%CI:1.470~4.773),儿童既往有流感疫苗接种史(接种率81.0%,OR=13.407,95%CI:7.624-23.577)、2022年有流感病史(接种率39.7%,OR=1.678,95%CI:1.084~2.599)、既往有新型冠状病毒感染病史(接种率34.0%,OR=1.851,95%CI:1.144~2.997)、看护者本年度接种流感疫苗(接种率64.0%,OR=5.727,95%CI:3.765~8.713)的研究对象接种率更高,担心疫苗有不良反应、儿童近期患病、认为儿童患流感概率小、与疫苗接种服务时间有冲突及不清楚何时接种是父母选择未给儿童接种流感疫苗的主要原因,分别占30.1%(192/637)、26.2%(167/637)、17.0%(108/637)、13.0%(83/637)、13.0%(83/637)。结论2023—2024年流感季北京市大兴区6~<60月龄儿童流感疫苗接种率较低,需重点关注6~<36月龄儿童流感疫苗接种;担心疫苗有不�Objective To understand the influenza vaccination rates among children aged 6 to<60 months in Daxing district,Beijing,during the 2023-2024 influenza season and to analyze the influencing factors,and to provide recommendations for improving vaccination coverage.Methods A two-stage stratified sampling method was employed to randomly select 19 primary healthcare institutions in Daxing district,Beijing.Subsequently,a convenient sampling method was used to recruit 888 caregivers of children aged 6 to<60 years old months who completed a survey questionnaire.The questionnaire included demographic and sociological characteristics of the children and families,caregivers'knowledge of influenza,the willingness to vaccination,sources of vaccine knowledge,and the cause of vaccination or lack thereof.The vaccination rates and influencing factors were analyzed using chi-square(χ^(2))tests,while multivariate analyses were conducted using logistic regression.Results The influenza vaccination rate among the study population for the 2023-2024 season was 28.3%(251/888).Univariateχ^(2) test showed that the child's age in months,daycare attendance,previous influenza history in2022,vaccination history,history of COVID-19,caregiver education level,and caregivers'vaccination status for the current year were potential factors influencing vaccination rates.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the influenza vaccination rate of children aged 36 to<60 months(41.6%)was higher than that of children aged 6-35 months(21.7%,OR=2.649,95%CI:1.470-4.773).Children who had a history of influenza vaccination(81.0%,OR=13.407,95%CI:7.624-23.577),had influenza in 2022(39.7%,OR=1.678,95%CI:1.084-2.599),had a history of COVID-19(34.0%,OR=1.851,95%CI:1.144-2.997),and the caregiver had received the influenza vaccine this year(64.0%,OR=5.727,95%CI:3.765-8.713)had a higher influenza vaccination rate.The main reasons for not vaccinating included concerns about adverse reactions to the vaccine,recent illness in the child,perception of low influe

关 键 词：6~<60月龄儿童 流感疫苗 接种率 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R183[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]