衢州市新型冠状病毒感染流行前后甲型和乙型流感病原学及流行特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen profiles of influenza A and B before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Quzhou city

作　　者：潘清波 吴辉飞 郑小金 陈旭富 祝进 PAN Qingbo;WU Huifei;ZHENG Xiaojin;CHEN Xufu;ZHU Jin(Wenzhou Medical College Affiliated Quzhou Hospital(Quzhou People's Hospital),Quzhou,Zhejiang 324000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学附属衢州医院(衢州市人民医院),浙江衢州324000 [2]衢州市疾病预防控制中心,浙江衢州324000

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2025年第1期82-87,共6页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

基　　金：2020年度衢州市科技计划指导性项目(2020064)。

摘　　要：目的分析衢州市新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)流行前后甲型和乙型流行性感冒(流感)病原学和流行特征,为流感早期防治提供参考依据。方法收集2019年1月1日至2023年11月30日在衢州市人民医院就诊的流感样病例甲型/乙型流感病毒抗原检测(胶体金法)结果和核酸检测结果,分析不同年份、月份、不同年龄、不同性别流感病毒检出情况及流行特征。结果2019—2023年采用胶体金法检测流感样病例62754例,流感病毒阳性病例6038例,流感病毒阳性检出率为9.62%。采用核酸法检测流感样病例6256例,流感病毒阳性病例1198例,阳性检出率19.15%,其中甲型流感病毒以新甲型H1N1型和A(H3N2)为主,乙型流感病毒以Victoria系为主。各年份的流感病毒型别分布不同,以甲型流感病例为主,各年份阳性率均呈现下降后上升的趋势,阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。0~<6岁组和6~<17岁组的甲型流感阳性病例构成比较高,分别为40.00%(2295/5737)、34.20%(1962/5737),不同年龄组之间甲型流感病毒阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=497.715,P<0.01)。不同年龄组乙型流感阳性检出率均较低,≥65岁阳性检出率(1.09%,41/3746)相对高于其他年龄组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=128.896,P<0.01),6~<17岁乙型流感阳性病例构成比最高,占37.55%(113/301)。甲型流感病毒男、女性阳性检出率分别为9.64%(3049/31619)、8.63%(2688/31135),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.249,P<0.01),不同性别之间乙型流感病毒阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.376,P=0.123)。除2019年12月和2023年3、11月出现甲型流感流行高峰外,其他时间段均呈现未流行和低流行水平。结论衢州市新冠病毒流行前后出现甲型流感和乙型流感感染高峰,甲型流感以新甲型H1N1型和A(H3N2)为主,乙型流感以Victoria系为主,流行特征具有性别和年龄分布特点,仍需推广接种流感疫苗,加强免疫屏障,有利于流感防控�Objective To analyze the pathogen profiles and epidemiological characteristics of influenza A and influenza B before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Quzhou city,and to provide a reference for early prevention and control of influenza.Method Data from influenza-like cases at Quzhou People's Hospital between January 1,2019 and November 30,2023,were analyzed using antigen detection(colloidal gold method)and nucleic acid testing.Variations in influenza deltction across years,months,age groups,and genders were examined.Results From 2019 to 2023,62754 influenza-like cases were tested using the colloidal gold method,with 6038 positive cases resulting in a positivity rate of 9.62%.Nucleic acid testing was performed on 6256cases,yielding 1198 positive cases and a positivity rate of 19.15%.Among them,influenza A was predominantly represented by the novel H1N1 and A(H3N2)strains,while influenza B was primarily of the Victoria lineage.The distribution of influenza types varies by year,with a predominance of influenza A cases and a statistically significant trend of positivity rates showing a decline followed by an increase(P<0.01).The highest proportions of positive influenza A cases were found in the 0-<6 years(40.00%,2295/5737)and 6-<17 years(34.20%,1962/5737)age groups,with significant differences in positivity rates among age groups(χ^(2)=497.715,P<0.01).The positive detection rate of influenza B in different age groups is relatively low.The positive detection rate of influenza B in the≥65 age group(1.09%,41/3746)is higher than that in other age groups,and the difference is statistically significant(χ^(2)=128.896,P<0.01).The proportion of influenza B-positive cases in the 6-17 age group is the highest(37.55%,113/301).The positive detection rates of influenza A in males and females were 9.64%(3049/31619)and 8.63%(2688/31135),respectively,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=19.249,P<0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate of influenza B between genders(χ

关 键 词：流行性感冒 甲型流感 乙型流感 病原学 流行特征 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]