西宁市某哨点医院住院严重急性呼吸道感染病例流行特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory infection cases in a sentinel hospital in Xining city

作　　者：王怡[1] 孙妍兰[1] 吴晶[1] WANG Yi;SUN Yanlan;WU Jing(Xining Municipal Cenfer for Disease Prevention and Control,Xining,Qinghai 810007,China)

机构地区：[1]西宁市疾病预防控制中心,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2025年第1期94-97,共4页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

基　　金：西宁市科学技术项目(2019-M-26)。

摘　　要：目的分析西宁市严重急性呼吸道感染(severe acute respiratory infection,SARI)监测病例的人口学、临床及流行病学特征,为科学防控和优化西宁市SARI监测提供依据。方法收集2015年8月—2018年12月西宁市某监测哨点医院纳入的SARI住院病例,采集其呼吸道标本,按照《流感病毒实验室检测技术方案》的要求进行流感病毒核酸检测,并对其检测结果和病例的流行病学特征进行分析。结果共纳入582例SARI病例,其中男性348例,年龄中位数M=5岁(IQR:2~52),5岁以下年龄组组报告病例数最多(309例),占总病例数的53.4%;流感病毒核酸检测阳性病例均在冬春季(每年的11月至次年3月),不同年龄组的SARI病例流感病毒核酸检测阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=24.083,P<0.01),其中≥65岁年龄组的病例病原体阳性率最高(6例,22.22%);不同住院科室流感病毒检测阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.411,P<0.05),重症医学科的病例阳性率最高(2例,66.67%)。37.29%(217例)的病例出现了并发症,其中并发症发生率最高的是肺炎(133例,占61.29%)。结论西宁市SARI病例流感病毒检出率并不高,其中≥65岁年龄组和重症医学科的病例流感阳性率最高。Objective To analyze the demographic,clinical,and epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory infection(SARI)surveillance cases in Xining city,providing a basis for scientific prevention and control and optimizing SARI surveillance in the city.Method Data were collected from SARI inpatient cases admitted to a sentinel hospital in Xining city from August 2015 to December 2018.Respiratory specimens were collected,and influenza virus nucleic acid testing was conducted according to the Laboratory Testing Technical Guidelines for Influenza Virus.The results of these tests and the epidemiological characteristics of the cases were analyzed.Results A total of 582 SARI cases were included,with 348 males and a median age of 5 years(IQR:2~52).The highest number of reported cases was in age groups under 5(309 cases),accounting for 53.4%of the total.Positive influenza virus nucleic acid tests were exclusively observed during the winter-spring period(November to March each year).The positive rate of influenza nucleic acid testing among different age groups showed statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=24.083,P<0.01),with the highest positivity rate in the≥65 age group(6 cases,22.22%).Additionally,the positive rate varied significantly among different hospital departments(χ^(2)=10.411,P<0.05),with the highest rate observed in the intensive care unit(2 cases,66.67%).Complications occurred in 37.29%(217 cases)of the patients,with pneumonia being the most common complication(133 cases,61.29%).Conclusion The detection rate of influenza virus in SARI cases in Xining city is relatively low,with the highest positivity rates observed in the≥65 age group and among cases in the intensive care unit.

关 键 词：严重急性呼吸道感染 住院病例 危险因素 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]