分布式布里渊光纤传感信号降噪技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Signal Noise Reduction Methods in Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing Technology Based on Brillouin Scattering

作　　者：高浩然 李拥政 郭林峰 Xu Xiaomin Gao Haoran;Li Yongzheng;Guo Linfeng;Xu Xiaomin(School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean,Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu,China;China Railway No.3 Group East China Construction Co.,Ltd,Nanjing 211153,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu International Joint Laboratory on Meterological Photonics and Optoelectronic Detection,Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu,China;Department of Engineering,University of Cambridge,Cambridge CB21PZ,UK)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学物理与光电工程学院,江苏南京210044 [2]江苏省大气海洋光电探测重点实验室,江苏南京210044 [3]中铁三局集团华东建设有限公司,江苏南京211153 [4]江苏省气象光子学与光电探测国际合作联合实验室,江苏南京210044 [5]剑桥大学工程系,英国剑桥CB21PZ

出　　处：《激光与光电子学进展》2025年第1期100-114,共15页Laser & Optoelectronics Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62175113);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2022076)。

摘　　要：分布式布里渊光纤传感技术在基础设施、轨道交通、海底光缆等领域的工程监测中逐步应用。布里渊解调系统光电信号的衰减与噪声影响导致长距离传感信噪比下降,限制了测量精度。研究者通过光脉冲编码、拉曼放大等方法提升信噪比,取得较好的效果,也增加了系统复杂度和设备成本。通过后端信号处理的方式提升系统性能,可降低硬件成本且易于迭代升级。本文回顾了近十年国内外布里渊光纤传感系统使用信号处理方式提高信噪比的方法,包括一维信号降噪、图像视频降噪和深度学习降噪技术,对这些技术进行了讨论分析,并对每种技术对系统性能的提升效果进行了对比,最后对分布式布里渊光纤传感技术信噪比提升技术发展前景进行了展望。Distributed fiber optic sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering is gradually being applied in engineering monitoring in fields such as infrastructure,rail transit,and submarine cables.The attenuation and noise effects of the photoelectric signal in the Brillouin demodulation system lead to a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio of long-distance sensing,which limits measurement accuracy.Researchers improve signal-to-noise ratio through methods such as optical pulse coding and Raman amplification,achieving good results while also increasing system complexity and equipment costs.Improving system performance through backend signal processing could reduce hardware costs and facilitate iterative upgrades.This paper reviews the methods of using signal processing methods to improve signal-to-noise ratio in optical fiber sensing systems based on Brillouin scattering both domestically and internationally in the past decade,including one-dimensional signal denoising,image and video denoising,and deep learning denoising technologies.These technologies are discussed and analyzed,and the performance improvement effects of each technology on the system are compared.Finally,the development prospects of signalto-noise ratio improvement technology in distributed fiber optic sensing system based on Brillouin scattering are discussed.

关 键 词：分布式光纤传感技术 布里渊散射 信噪比 信号处理 图像处理 机器学习 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]