基于线激光视觉的轮缘厚度与摆动检测研究  

Detection of Flange Thickness and Swing Based on Line Laser Vision

作　　者：陈龙 陈波[1] 王月明[1] 梅佳锐 杨虎生 Chen Long;Chen Bo;Wang Yueming;Mei Jiarui;Yang Husheng(School of Automation and Electrical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学自动化与电气工程学院,内蒙古包头014010

出　　处：《激光与光电子学进展》2025年第2期135-144,共10页Laser & Optoelectronics Progress

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0045)。

摘　　要：烧结机台车车轮轮缘磨耗和摆动可能导致台车脱轨,进而造成安全生产事故。目前的检测方式主要依赖于人工,存在工作环境差、检测效率低、容易漏检误检等问题。针对以上问题,搭建了烧结机台车车轮轮缘厚度与摆动角度检测平台,使用双线激光器在台车车轮表面形成两条轮缘轮廓激光投影线,对采集到的激光条纹线进行中值滤波、形态学处理、骨架提取、连通域分析等图像处理,提取激光条纹中心线和轮缘两端测量关键点,再根据钢轨、车轮轮缘和激光条纹线三者的几何关系,实现台车车轮轮缘厚度与摆动角度的检测。实验结果表明:该检测方法可实现轮缘厚度与摆动角度的实时检测,轮缘厚度测量相对误差为0.31%,绝对误差在1 mm左右;摆动角度测量相对误差为0.56%,绝对误差在1°左右,满足烧结工艺的生产要求,为烧结机台车的安全稳定运行提供了技术保障。The wear of a wheel flange and the swinging of a sintering machine trolley may cause the trolley to derail,causing safety production accidents.Currently,the detection method significantly depends on manual inspection,which has drawbacks,such as poor working conditions,low detection efficiency,and the potential for missed detections and false alarms.In this study,a platform for detecting the flange thickness and swing angle of sintering machine trolley wheels was established.Two laser projection lines of the wheel flange profile are formed on the surface of the trolley wheels using a dual-line laser.The collected laser stripe lines of the wheel flange profile undergo image processing,including median filtering,morphological operations,skeleton extraction,and connected component analysis.The system extracts the laser stripe centerline and critical measurement points at both ends of the wheel flange.Based on the geometric relationship between the rail,wheel flange,and laser stripe lines,the system detects the wheel flange thickness and swing angle.The experimental results demonstrate that the detection method can achieve real-time detection of the flange thickness and swing angle.The relative error of the flange thickness measurement is 0.31%,and the absolute error is approximately 1 mm.The relative error of the swing angle measurement is 0.56%,and the absolute error is approximately 1°.These values satisfy the production requirements of the sintering process and provides technical support for the safe and stable operation of sintering machine trolley.

关 键 词：烧结机台车 双线激光 机器视觉 轮缘厚度 摆动角度 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]