水溶液中氯化铵与碳酸氢钠的热分解定量探究  

Quantitative Study on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Chloride and Sodium Bicarbonate in Aqueous Solution

作　　者：马凯旋 MA Kai-Xuan(Shaxi Senior High School,Jiangsu Province,Taicang 215421,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省沙溪高级中学,江苏太仓215421

出　　处：《化学教育(中英文)》2025年第7期95-101,共7页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：苏州市教育科学“十四五”规划专项课题“实验情境下高中化学项目式学习的实践研究”(2024/Q/02/020/03)。

摘　　要：通过对不同浓度的氯化铵和碳酸氢钠水溶液加热,综合运用定性、定量分析及理论计算探究其在水溶液中的分解情况。在定量分析中,采用化学沉淀法实现了在真实的实验情境下物质分解率的计算,提高了准确度。研究表明:溶液中氯化铵和碳酸氢钠在用酒精灯内焰加热时均发生分解,且随着溶液浓度升高分解率呈增大趋势。在同温同浓度下,加热相同时间,溶液中氯化铵比碳酸氢钠分解率低。研究结果对水溶液中其他铵盐和弱酸酸式盐的受热研究有一定的启示。By heating aqueous solutions of ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate of different concentrations,qualitative and quantitative analysis and theoretical calculations were used to explore their decomposition in aqueous solutions.In quantitative analysis,chemical precipitation method was used to calculate the decomposition rate of substances in real experiment situations,improving accuracy.The study showed that both ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate in the solution decomposed when heated with the inner flame of an alcohol lamp.The decomposition rate showed an increasing trend as the solution concentration increased.At the same temperature and concentration,and heated for the same time,the decomposition rate of ammonium chloride in the solution was lower than that of sodium bicarbonate.The research results had certain implications for the heating research of other ammonium salts and weak acid salts in aqueous solutions.

关 键 词：水溶液 氯化铵 碳酸氢钠 热分解 定性定量 化学沉淀法 

分 类 号：O6-33[理学—化学]