经典名方中胡黄连的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Picrorhizae Rhizoma in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：周峰 王艺涵 刘燕萌 赵晓琴 武开智 冯程 李文跃 张伟 方文韬 詹志来 ZHOU Feng;WANG Yihan;LIU Yanmeng;ZHAO Xiaoqin;WU Kaizhi;FENG Cheng;LI Wenyue;ZHANG Wei;FANG Wentao;ZHAN Zhilai(School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Datong Institute for Food and Drug Control,Datong 037006,China;Jinan Municipal People's Government Organs Outpatient Department,Jinan 250099,China;Hangzhou Huqing Yutang Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.,Hangzhou 310016,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药大学药学院,合肥230012 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700 [3]大同市食品药品检验检测中心,山西大同037006 [4]济南市人民政府机关门诊部,济南250099 [5]杭州胡庆余堂药业有限公司,杭州310016

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2025年第9期228-239,共12页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702,CI2023E002);中央本级重大增减支项目——名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：该文通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书,结合近现代相关研究资料,对胡黄连药材的名称、基原、学名考订、产地、品质评价、采收加工及炮制、性味归经与功能主治等不同方面的历史沿革进行系统的梳理与考证研究,为含该药材经典名方的开发利用提供依据。考证结果表明,胡黄连首载于唐代《新修本草》,历代多以胡黄连为其正名,尚有“假黄连”“胡连”“割狐露泽”之别名;历代主流来源为印度胡黄连Picrorhiza kurrooa和西藏胡黄连P.scrophulariiflora的根茎;古代胡黄连多由外商经广州等地进口,我国亦产,主产于西藏地区;古代胡黄连多于农历八月上旬采挖后晒干而成,近现代则多在7—9月采挖;现代总结其品质以根茎粗大,质脆无杂末、味苦者为优;历代胡黄连炮制多以生品经切片或捣碎后入药;胡黄连性味苦寒,主要用于治疗骨蒸潮热,小儿疳热泻痢,性味功效古今无明显差异。基于考证结果,建议经典名方中所涉及的胡黄连药材可使用2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》所载胡黄连(即西藏胡黄连)的根茎,也可使用过去所用印度胡黄连的根茎,按原方标注的炮制要求经炮制后入药,未明确炮制要求的均以干燥生品入药。This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name,origin,quality evaluation,harvesting,processing and other aspects of Picrorhizae Rhizoma by referring to the medical books,prescription books,and other documents of the past dynasties,combined with relevant modern research materials,in order to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this medicinal herb.The research results indicate that Picrorhizae Rhizoma was first recorded in New Revised Materia Medica from the Tang dynasty.Throughout history,Huhuanglian has been used as its official name,and there are also aliases such as Gehu Luze,Jiahuanglian and Hulian.The main source of past dynasties is the the rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurrooa and P.scrophulariiflora.In ancient times,Picrorhizae Rhizoma was mainly imported by foreign traders via Guangzhou and other regions,and also produced in China,mainly in Xizang.In ancient times,it was harvested and dried in early August of the lunar calendar,while in modern times,it is mostly harvested from July to September,with the best quality being those with thick and crispy rhizomes without impurities,and bitter taste.Throughout history,Picrorhizae Rhizoma was collected,washed,sliced,and dried before being used as a raw material for medicine,it has a bitter and cold taste,mainly used to treat bone steaming,hot flashes,infantile chancre fever,and dysentery.There is no significant difference in taste and efficacy between ancient and modern times.Based on the research results,it is recommended that the rhizomes of P.scrophulariiflora in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,or the rhizomes of P.kurrooa,can be used in famous classical formulas containing this medicinal herb,which can be processed according to the processing requirements marked by the original formula.For those without clear processing requirements,the dried raw products are used as medicine.

关 键 词：胡黄连 经典名方 基原 产地 品质评价 炮制方法 功能主治 本草考证 

分 类 号：R277[医药卫生—中医学] Z126.27[文化科学] R931