云南哈尼族传统民居建筑火灾数值模拟研究  

Numerical Simulation Study of Fire of Traditional Hani Dwellings in Yunnan

作　　者：李丽 罗静 刘兆丰 全艳民 LI Li;LUO Jing;LIU Zhao-feng;TONG Yan-min(College of Civil Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650224,China;China Fire and Rescue Institute,Beijing 102202,China;Yunnan Design Institute Group Co,Ltd,Kunming Yunnan 650100,China;Southwest Forestry University Fire Research Institute,Kunming Yunnan 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学土木工程学院,云南昆明650224 [2]中国消防救援学院,北京102202 [3]云南省设计院集团有限公司,云南昆明650100 [4]西南林业大学消防研究所,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《计算机仿真》2025年第3期532-537,共6页Computer Simulation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060346);云南省教育厅科学研究基金(项目编号:2022J0518)。

摘　　要：中国西南地区传统村落以木结构建筑为主,房屋间距小,易造成“火烧连营”。为了保护云南哈尼族传统村落“蘑菇房”的原始文化风貌,提升传统民居消防安全水平,采用FDS数值模拟软件对典型哈尼族传统民居火灾动力发展过程进行仿真,计算了热释放速率,分析了空间温度分布特征、热量传递过程、轰燃发生时间、火灾发展蔓延特性。结果表明:在模型设定条件下,火灾主要蔓延的路径为南立面开口——南侧屋顶——北侧屋顶,火场内温度800~900℃,轰燃发生时间在290 s,发生时间较短;508 s时引燃茅草顶,促使通风口面积增大,在1100 s左右房屋烧毁,热释放速率达到峰值7.29 MW。上述仿真为哈尼传统民居火灾科学防控工作提供了定量参考。Traditional southwest Chinese villages are mainly built with wooden structures and have small spacing between houses,which can easily lead to"fires in successive camps".To protect the original cultural appearance of the mushroom-shaped traditional Hani dwellings and improve their fire safety level,the fire dynamics simulation software FDS was used to simulate the fire dynamics development process of these typical Hani dwellings.The heat release rate was calculated,and the spatial temperature distribution,heat transfer process,time of flashover,and fire development were analyzed.The results show that:in the condition of the model setting,the main path of fire spread is opening on south elevation-south side roof-north side roof.The temperature inside the fire is 800~900℃,the occurrence of flashover time at 290s,which is a short occurrence time;at 508s it ignites the thatched roof,prompting the vent area to increase,and at around the 1100s the house burns down and the heat release rate reaches a peak of 7.29MW.That provides a quantitative reference for the scientific fire prevention and control in traditional Hani dwellings.

关 键 词：传统村落 数值模拟 哈尼族民居 轰燃 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程] TU241.5