楔形孔与大直径直孔联合掏槽爆破技术与应用研究  

Research of the combined cutting blasting technology of wedge hole and large diameter straight hole and its application

作　　者：熊玮琪 卢文波[1,2] 王洋 陈明[1,2] 王二闯[3] 邢爱国 XIONG Weiqi;LU Wenbo;WANG Yang;CHEN Ming;WANG Erchuang;XING Aiguo(School of Water Resources and Hydropower,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Sinohydro Engineering Bureau 4 Co.,Ltd.,Xining 810007,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水利水电学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国水利水电第四工程局有限公司,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《武汉大学学报(工学版)》2025年第4期513-524,共12页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51779190);湖北省博士后创新研究岗位资助项目(279265)。

摘　　要：掏槽爆破是决定隧洞掘进施工速度的关键因素,为了突破楔形掏槽在硬质岩隧洞爆破开挖中进尺短的技术瓶颈,提出了楔形孔与大直径直孔联合掏槽爆破技术。以掏槽爆破成腔理论为基础,推导了楔形掏槽条件下掏槽爆破槽腔深度公式,分析了大直径直孔空孔段的辅助破碎效应以及装药段爆破“接力掏槽”对楔形掏槽爆破进尺的提高效果;分别建立了传统楔形掏槽与组合孔联合掏槽有限元数值模型,对比研究了联合掏槽技术相较于传统楔形掏槽在提高槽腔岩体破碎效果及增加碎石推掷初速度上的优势;开展了隧洞开挖组合孔联合掏槽现场试验,验证了组合孔联合掏槽爆破技术的可行性。工程实践表明:联合掏槽技术较传统楔形掏槽技术在爆破进尺方面提高约30%,在炮孔利用率方面提高约9%。Cutting blasting is a key factor to determine the construction speed of tunnel excavation.In order to break through the technical bottleneck of short penetration in hard rock tunnel blasting excavation with wedge-shaped holes,a combined cutting blasting technique of wedge hole and large diameter straight hole is proposed.Based on the theory of cutting blasting cavity formation,the formula for the depth of the cavity under wedge-shaped cut conditions is derived,and the auxiliary crushing effect of large diameter straight hole section and the effect of"relay cutting"blasting in the charge section on improving wedge-shaped cut blasting penetration are analyzed.The finite element numerical models of traditional wedge-shaped cutting and combined cutting are established respectively,and the advantages of the combined cutting technique compared with traditional wedge-shaped cutting in improving the crushing effect of rock mass and increasing the initial velocity of gravel throwing are studied.Field experiments of combined cutting with combined hole for tunnel excavation are carried out,and the feasibility of combined cutting blasting technique with combined holes is verified.The engineering practice shows that compared with the traditional wedge-shaped cutting technique,the combined cutting technique improves the blasting penetration and blast hole utilization rate by about 30%and 9%respectively.

关 键 词：隧洞掘进 掏槽爆破 楔形孔 大直径直孔 爆破进尺 

分 类 号：TV554[水利工程—水利水电工程]